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Ohne Zusammenfassung VDI     

数字电影色彩处理(三)——标准中的最小线性比特码深、近黑暗区编码、色域映射和色容差

本论文系列基于SMPTE 432-1工程准则.SMPTE DC28认为若能根据该准则写出一系列论文有利于这方面知识的普及.本文是这一系列论文的第三篇,主要讨论数字电影放映机应具备的最小线性比特码深、近黑暗区的编码、色域映射及色容差标准的色度学公式.     

The complications of trauma and their associated costs in a level I trauma center

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the expected costs for acute trauma care, to quantify the costs associated with the development of complications in injury victims, and to determine the deficit incurred by patients in whom complications develop. DESIGN: A retrospective, cohort design. SETTING: A referral trauma center. PATIENTS: A total of 12,088 patients admitted to a single regional trauma center during a period of 5 years. INTERVENTIONS: This is an observational study, and no interventions specific to this study are included in the design. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) The expected costs for injury victims based on readily available clinical data. (2) The costs associated with the most important complications of trauma. (3) The effect of complications on inadequate reimbursement for trauma care. RESULTS: The expected costs were estimated using a linear model incorporating demographic variables and measures of injury severity. The expected costs averaged $14,567, and the observed costs averaged $15,032. Six complications were important predictors of cost. These included adult respiratory distress syndrome, acute kidney failure, sepsis, pneumonia, decubitus ulceration, and wound infections. For 1201 individuals with these complications, the predicted costs averaged $23,266 and the observed costs averaged $47,457. The mean excess costs for a single complication ranged from $6669 to $18,052. Multiple complications led to greater increases in excess cost, averaging $110,007 for the 62 patients with 3 or more complications. Costs exceeded reimbursement to a much greater degree in those in whom any of the 6 complications developed. CONCLUSION: Expected hospital costs can be estimated using admission clinical data. Each of 6 complications was associated with enormous increases in costs, indicating their importance as a cause of avoidable expenditures in injury victims and identifying situations in which reimbursement may not be adequate.     

European Minor Constituent Radiometer: A New Millimeter Wave Receiver for Atmospheric Research

EMCOR is a heterodyne receiver for the frequency range of 201 to 210 GHz. It has been designed for ground-based measurements of various minor constituents of the stratosphere involved in ozone chemistry. Since the aim was the detection of faint spectral lines, a superconducting tunnel junction has been chosen as mixer element and special care has been taken in developing the calibration unit of the system. The front-end is completed by a quasi-optical system, a solid state local oscillator with electronic tuning and a HEMT pre-amplifier. In the back-end an acousto-optical spectrometer is employed to analyse the signal. A PC controls the whole system. The instrument has been installed at a high mountain site in the Swiss Alps.     

On the effect of Temperature Cycling on the coating of a pack aluminized low alloyed steel (13 CrMo 44)

Coated pack aluminized low alloyed steels are known for their good resistance against high temperature corrosion up to 700 °C, where diffusion stability is still sufficient. In typical high temperature applications, coating and substrate are subjected to thermal fatigue. In this study the metallurgical stability of a coated, pack aluminized, low alloyed steel is reported. The specimens were cyclically quenched from 700 °C to room temperature or liquid nitrogen temperature respectively, to assess the importance of thermal shock severity on the kinetic of degradation. In particular, crack initiation and growth were studied. The dependence of microcrack densities upon numbers of cycles, cooling rates and specimen geometry is reported.     

The Moldflow system of computer aided polymer flow analysis

The problems associated with injection moulding are listed. The uses of the Moldflow program to assist in the practical solution of these are described.     

Electrical Conductivity Studies of AgCl:KCl (RbCl, CsCl) Composites and a Novel Method of Obtaining Highly Porous Materials

Two phase systems consisting of AgCl and KCl (or RbCl, CsCl) have been studied with respect to morphology and electrical properties. As expected from the contact of such Frenkel and Schottky disordered ionic conductors, substantial enhancement effects were not observed. In the case of AgCl:KCl, eutectic lamellar structures have been obtained and their conductivities measured using both macroscopic electrodes as well as microelectrodes. Leaching the alkali chloride out of the lamellar composite leads to a porous solid network. Potential applications of such microporous ionic silver halides as a gas sensor as well as a solid envelope for liquid electrolytes are considered.     

Verkleinerung verfahrenstechnischer Versuchsanlagen — was ist erreichbar?

Scale-down of chemical engineering pilot plant – what is attainable? The use of fully automated experimental laboratory-scale plantoffer interesting possibilities for assessment of the economic operation and technical feasibility of new or modified processes. An important condition for the success of this kind of experimental approach is the availability of miniaturized equipment, machines, and sensors. The goal of such experimental plant can be both the process engineering development of individual process steps and also integrated running to model complete processes. Moreover, questions of scale-up can be studied and typical quantities can be provided. The state of the art is reported with the aid of selected examples of equipment and mechanical components and measurement and control units.