Sudden cardiac death: a retrospective and prospective study

Since the inception of mobile coronary care units (MCCU), patients with sudden cardiac death (SCD) saved by advanced emergency medical technicians (EMT-A) can be studied retrospectively and prospectively. Forty-eight cases of SCD found in ventricular fibrillation (VF) were successfully resuscitated. Only 32% had a myocardial infarction. Most survivors were New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I or II. All class IV survivors with severe congestive heart failure died within 45 days. All class II survivors had angina as the limiting factor. Of all patients with VF, 23% survived. Eighty percent of survivors were class I or II and have resumed previous lifestyles. No clear cut symptom complex was identified. Rescue response time was generally less than five minutes. Intracardiac medications were administered without complications. Empirical administration of sodium bicarbonate correlated poorly with arterial blood gas determinations.     

Molecular alterations in early gastric carcinomas. No apparent correlation with Helicobacter pylori status

The effect of nitric oxide (NO) donors on high-voltage-activated Ca2+ channels in insulin-secreting RINm5F cells was investigated using the patch-clamp technique in the whole-cell configuration. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP, 2-400 microM) induced a dose-dependent reduction in Ba2+ currents with maximal inhibition of 58%. The IC50 for SNP was 45 microM. A different NO donor, (+/-)S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP, 500 microM), also produced a 50% decrease in current amplitude. When 200 microM SNP was administered together with the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidozoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (carboxy-PTIO, 300 microM), the Ba2+ current inhibition was lowered to 7%. Administration of 500 microM 8-bromoguanosine 3':5'-cyclic monophosphate sodium salt (8-Br-cGMP) mimicked the effects of SNP, causing a comparable decrease (56%) in peak-current amplitude. When soluble guanylyl cyclase was blocked by 10 microM 1H-[1,2, 4]oxadiazole[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), the inhibitory effect of 200 microM SNP was reduced from 39% to 15%. The SNP-induced current decrease was 36% of controls after the blockade of L-type Ca2+ channels and 30% in the presence of 2.5 microM omega-conotoxin-MVIIC. These data indicate that NO inhibits both L-type and P/Q-type Ca2+ channels in RINm5F cells, probably by an increase in the intracellular levels of cGMP. NO may then significantly influence the Ca2+-dependent release of hormones from secretory cells as well as that of neurotransmitters from nerve terminals.     

嵌入式LwIP协议栈的移植与测试研究

为实现将协议栈移植于资源有限的嵌入式系统,论文讨论了LwIP各模块的工作机制,详细设计了LwIP的移植过程,最后设计了一个微型的嵌入式Web服务器,测试LwIP的通行功能,测试结果证明移植成功.     

Vibration of Tensioned Beams with Intermediate Damper. I: Formulation, Influence of Damper Location

Exact analytical solutions are formulated for free vibrations of tensioned beams with an intermediate viscous damper. The dynamic stiffness method is used in the problem formulation, and characteristic equations are obtained for both clamped and pinned supports. The complex eigenfrequencies form loci in the complex plane that originate at the undamped eigenfrequencies and terminate at the eigenfrequencies of the fully locked system, in which the damper acts as an intermediate pin support. The fully locked eigenfrequencies exhibit “curve veering,” in which adjacent eigenfrequencies approach and then veer apart as the damper passes a node of an undamped mode shape. Consideration of the evolution of the eigenfrequency loci with varying damper location reveals three distinct regimes of behavior, which prevail from the taut-string limit to the case of a beam without tension. The second regime corresponds to damper locations near the first antinode of a given undamped mode shape; in this regime, the loci bend backwards to intersect the imaginary axis, and two distinct nonoscillatory decaying solutions emerge when the damper coefficient exceeds a critical value.     

Mothers' attachment status as determined by the Adult Attachment Interview predicts their 6-year-olds' reunion responses: A study conducted in Japan.

Following a 1986 study reporting a predominance of ambivalent attachment among insecure Sapporo infants, the generalizability of attachment theory and methodologies to Japanese samples has been questioned. In this 2nd study of Sapporo mother-child dyads (N=43), the authors examined attachment distributions for both (a) child, based on M. Main and J. Cassidy's (1988) 6th-year reunion, and (b) adult, via the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI). In contrast to the previous Sapporo study, children's 3-way or "organized" distribution did not differ from the global distribution. However, when the disorganized-controlling (D) and cannot classify (CC) categories were applied to the analyses, a high proportion of D/CC children was found. Comparable analyses for Japanese mothers, including the unresolved/disorganized (U) and CC categories, were found to deviate slightly from the global norm. However, turning from global distributions to mothers' AAI classification as related to their child's reunion classification, all matches were surprisingly close to those established worldwide. When, as is customary, mothers' U and CC classifications were combined (U/CC) and compared with the child's D and CC classifications (also customarily combined as D/CC), mothers' U/CC status strongly predicted child D/CC status (r=.60, d=1.50). Additionally, mothers' AAI subclassifications predicted child subclassifications. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The United States--The Netherlands Round Table Conference on immunization. Summary report

A group of public health scientists from the United States and The Netherlands met at a Bicentennial Round Table Conference December 1-2, 1982, to discuss the latest developments in immunization against infectious diseases, focusing on pertussis, poliomyelitis, measles, and rubella. The major differences in immunization practices in the two countries are: (a) In The Netherlands, inactivated polio vaccine is used exclusively; in the United States, the oral polio vaccine is used. Polio-myelitis has virtually disappeared from both countries. (b) In The Netherlands, the pertussis component of DTP (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis) is not given to children over the age of 1 year, whereas in the United States, it is given to children up to their seventh birthday. (c) Rubella vaccine is given only to girls at ages 11-12 years in The Netherlands, but to all children at ages 12-15 months in the United States. (d) Mumps vaccine is not administered to children in The Netherlands, but in the United States it is given routinely to children at 12-15 months (in combination with measles and rubella vaccine). The participants concluded that both the United States and The Netherlands have effective immunization programs that have significantly reduced the impact of these diseases.     

Trace,failure and testing equivalences for communicating processes

A basic question in the theory of communicating processes is “When should two processes be considered equivalent?”. Attempts to answer this question have led to the concepts of observation equivalence, bisimulations, testing equivalence, failure equivalence, etc. The main point of this paper is to increase the understanding and motivation for two of these equivalences, namely failure and testing equivalences. The approach starts with the idea that the equivalence of processes should be reducible to the visible sequences of actions which a process performs in various contexts. This idea is implemented by a string-based semantic order for communicating processes where divergence is catastrophic. Under some assumptions about contexts, the resulting semantics is shown to be equivalent to theimproved failure semantics of Brookes and Roscoe⁽¹⁾ and also to themust testing-semantics of Hennessy and DeNicola.^(2–4) This characterization gives independent support for the appropriateness of failures and testing.     

Bladder neck competency at rest in women with incontinence

PURPOSE: We determine the presence of an open bladder neck during video urodynamic studies and relate that finding to the presence of stress urinary incontinence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients presenting with urinary incontinence, voiding dysfunction or pelvic floor prolapse underwent video urodynamics. With the patient upright and after 200 ml. contrast material had been instilled into the bladder the bladder neck was viewed to determine if it was open or closed. At that point the abdominal leak point pressure was measured. RESULTS: Of 102 women, average age 56.5 years (range 31 to 82), 13% had an open bladder neck and demonstrable stress incontinence on video urodynamics with an average abdominal leak point pressure of 45 cm. water (range 26 to 90). Of those with stress incontinence on urodynamics 23% had an open bladder neck. No continent patient had an open bladder neck. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of an open bladder neck with the bladder filled to 200 ml. correlates strongly with the presence of stress incontinence.