Mobile data offloading based on minority game theoretic framework

Wireless Networks - Mobile data offloading is a current-day networking paradigm to channelize certain fraction of the cellular data traffic over unlicensed spectrum of WiFi. In this paper, we...     

Some studies on uncertainty management in dynamical systems using cybernetic approaches and fuzzy techniques with applications

Uncertain information processing by fuzzy if–then rules has received much attention. Here we have taken a different path to model a system, about which we do not have precise information, namely modelling the system by fuzzy-valued functions without resorting to fuzzy if–then rules. As a result, the phase (state) space of the system becomes a fuzzy set and the underlying fuzzy mapping becomes a fuzzy attainability set mapping. Uncertain or fuzzy dynamical systems have been defined in terms of fuzzy attainability set mappings. Fuzzy differentiable dynamical systems have been discussed with a particular emphasis on fuzzy differential inclusion (FDI) relations. An evolutionary algorithm for solving one-dimensional FDIs has been developed. A model of the creation of a tropical cyclone in the form of a vortex, created by winds coming from different directions and colliding under certain conditions, has been proposed in terms of FDIs. A model has been considered for the highly uncertain system of evolution of a tumour in a human body and an FDI relation model of the whole system has been proposed and simulated. The model of an evolution of turbulence, as a random occurrence of vortices in a three-dimensional dynamic fluid, has been proposed and simulated, where each vortex is modelled by a fuzzy-valued function, where uncertain parameter and variable values are fuzzy numbers. All the systems represented by FDI relations have been simulated with the help of the evolutionary algorithm mentioned above.     

Propagation delay and power dissipation for different aspect ratio of single-walled carbon nanotube bundled TSV

Through-silicon vias (TSVs) have provided an attractive solution for three-dimensional (3D) integrated devices and circuit technologies with reduced parasitic losses and power dissipation, higher input-output (I/O) density and improved system performance. This paper investigates the propagation delay and average power dissipation of single-walled carbon nanotube bundled TSVs having different via radius and height. Depending on the physical configuration, a comprehensive and accurate analytical model of CNT bundled TSV is employed to represent the via (vertical interconnect access) line of a driver-TSV-load (DTL) system. The via radius and height are used to estimate the bundle aspect ratio (AR) and the cross-sectional area. For a fixed via height, the delay and the power dissipation are reduced up to 96.2% using a SWCNT bundled TSV with AR = 300 : 1 in comparison to AR = 6 : 1.     

Modelling and kinetic aspects of a BTEX contaminated air-treating biofilter

In this study, the overall performance of a biofilter was evaluated in terms of its elimination capacity by using 3-D mesh techniques. The overall results indicate that the agreement between experimental data and model predictions is excellent for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and o-xylene (BTEX). In this study, the maximum removal rate (r _max) values for BTEX were 0.0117, 0.0126, 0.0081 and 0.0146 g m^–3 h^–1, and the half-saturation constant (K_S ) values were calculated to be 0.269, 0.297, 0.156 and 0.394 g m^–3, respectively. For this system, the coefficients of determination (r ²) of BTEX compounds were greater than 0.97. The BTEX concentration profiles along the depth were also determined using a convection–diffusion reactor (CDR) model. The sums of squares of the errors (SSEs) of BTEX were 0.0078, 0.0059, 0.0129 and 0.0269, respectively, with r ² values greater than 0.99 for all four compounds at low concentrations.     

Bioaccumulation of As(III)/As(V) ions by living cells of Corynebacterium glutamicum MTCC 2745

Significant factors on simultaneous growth and bioaccumulation of arsenic ions by living cells of bacteria, Corynebacterium glutamicum MTCC 2745, were explored in growth media under experimental conditions like pH and concentrations of arsenic ions. Combined effects of the initial concentrations of peptone and arsenic (either As(III) or As(V)) ions on the specific growth rate and arsenic bioaccumulation competence of the bacteria were studied and optimized using the Response Surface Methodology. Optimum combination predicted via RSM demonstrated that the bacteria were capable of bioaccumulating As(III) and As(V) in the growth medium containing 1000 mg/L arsenic and 9 g/L peptone up to 78.4% and 77.6%, respectively.     

Effect of sonication on thermolysin hydrolysis of ovotransferrin

The effect of sonication on proteolytic hydrolysis of ovotransferrin and bioactivities of the hydrolysates were investigated, and the large peptide fragments left in the hydrolysate were characterised. The results showed that sonication could increase the reactive sulphydryl groups in 5% ovotransferrin solution by 50%, although there were no improvements in the overall degree of hydrolysis. Furthermore, SDS–PAGE and reverse-phase HPLC profiles did not show difference of the treated samples. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity, but not antioxidant activity, of the thermolysin hydrolysate was improved in a dose dependent manner at prolonged sonication time. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) analysis revealed that thermolysin hydrolysate was composed of 926 peptides, of 99% having masses lower than 10 kDa and of 1% larger than 10 kDa derived from both N- and C-lobes of ovotransferrin.     

Crystal chemistry modification of lithium nickel cobalt oxide cathodes for lithium ion rechargeable batteries

As a cathode material for lithium ion rechargeable batteries, LiNi_0.8Co_0.2O₂ (LNCO) is one of the most attractive candidates for high power electronic devices. In the present work, we have synthesized LNCO powder by solid-state route. The discharge capacity and the capacity retention of LNCO cathode are found to be 100 mAh g⁻¹ and 63%, respectively. Molybdenum doping, replacing parts of cobalt ion in LNCO lattice increases the discharge capacity (157 mAh g⁻¹) and improve its capacity retention characteristics. Through X-ray Rietveld analyses, we have found that Mo doping increases the inter-slab spacing between the (Co,Ni)O₂ octahedral layers which provides easier Li¹⁺ intercalation leading to improved electrochemical properties in the modified cathode.     

Automated cell classification and visualization for analyzing remyelination therapy

Remyelination therapy is a state-of-the-art technique for treating spinal cord injury (SCI). Demyelination—the loss of myelin sheath that insulates axons, is a prominent feature in many neurological disorders resulting in SCI. This lost myelin sheath can be replaced by remyelination. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for efficient automated cell classification and visualization to analyze the progress of remyelination therapy in SCI. Our method takes as input the images of the cells and outputs a density map of the therapeutically important oligodendrocyte-remyelinated axons (OR-axons) which is used for efficacy analysis of the therapy. Our method starts with detecting cell boundaries using a robust, shape-independent algorithm based on iso-contour analysis of the image at progressively increasing intensity levels. The detected boundaries of spatially clustered cells are then separated using the Delaunay triangulation based contour separation method. Finally, the OR-axons are identified and a density map is generated for efficacy analysis of the therapy. Our efficient automated cell classification and visualization of remyelination analysis significantly reduces error due to human subjectivity. We validate the accuracy of our results by extensive cross-verification by the domain experts.     

Effect of rare earth doping on sol-gel derived PZT thin films

We have studied the effect of rare earth dopants (Nd, Gd and Ce) on the phase formation behavior and electrical properties of sol-gel derived Pb_1.05(Zr_0.53Ti_0.47)O₃ thin films. In all these films the perovskite phase is obtained up to 5 at% doping and beyond that pyrochlore phase was found to coexist with the perovskite phase. Ce and Gd doping(1-2 at%) exhibited improved ferroelectric and dielectric properties as compared to the undoped PZT films. Nd doping (2 at%) was found to be effective to increase the retained switchable polarization of undoped PZT from 63% to 84%. The transition temperature of undoped PZT film was found to be reduced with Nd doping. The Nd doped films also exhibited typical relaxor behavior and a diffuse phase transition, characteristic of the relaxor material. Introduction of Nd into the PZT lattice probably introduces disorder in the B site of ABO₃ lattice which causes the observed relaxor behavior