Toward a multi-culture adaptive virtual tour guide agent with a modular approach

Embodied conversational agents (ECAs) are computer-generated, human-like characters that interact with human users in face-to-face conversations. ECA is a powerful tool for representing cultural differences and is suitable for interactive training or edutainment systems. This article presents preliminary results from the development of a culture-adaptive virtual tour guide agent for serving Japanese, Croatian, and general Western users by displaying appropriate verbal and non-verbal behaviors. It is being implemented in Generic ECA Framework, a modular framework for developing ECAs. Dividing the ECA functions into reusable and loosely coupled modules minimizes the effort required to implement additional behavior and facilitates incremental scale up of the system.     

循环荷载下圆柱和I型钢筋混凝土剪力墙的能量消耗与损伤分析

采用非线性有限元方法,对循环荷载下圆柱和Ⅰ型钢筋混凝土剪力墙进行试验,通过能量消耗分析评估其损伤。首先,通过对荷载-位移关系、裂缝情况的研究以及经过分析所得的总应变能与试验加载能量的比较,验证分析方法的有效性。其次,对能量消耗分布以及钢筋和混凝土的配置进行研究。研究表明:能量消耗是评估剪力墙损伤的有效方法。     

In vitro construction and screening of a Burkholderia cepacia lipase library using single-molecule PCR and cell-free protein synthesis

A mutant library of Burkholderia cepacia lipase KWI-56 was constructed on microplates by a cell-free process and tested with a chromogenic assay. This high-throughput construction system can be used to screen mutant proteins based on their catalytic activity.     

Self-organizing network services with evolutionary adaptation

This paper proposes a novel framework for developing adaptive and scalable network services. In the proposed framework, a network service is implemented as a group of autonomous agents that interact in the network environment. Agents in the proposed framework are autonomous and capable of simple behaviors (e.g., replication, migration, and death). In this paper, an evolutionary adaptation mechanism is designed using genetic algorithms (GAs) for agents to evolve their behaviors and improve their fitness values (e.g., response time to a service request) to the environment. The proposed framework is evaluated through simulations, and the simulation results demonstrate the ability of autonomous agents to adapt to the network environment. The proposed framework may be suitable for disseminating network services in dynamic and large-scale networks where a large number of data and services need to be replicated, moved, and deleted in a decentralized manner.     

Novel Phase Transition in BaPr2Mn2O7

The rare earth manganite BaLn2Mn2O7 (Ln=rare earth element) has a Sr3Ti2O7-type layered perovskite structure with double-block oxygen octahedra belonging to the Ruddlesden-Popper-type homologous series AO(ABO3)2. In Pr-manganite, a novel phase transition was first observed in situ at 1040 K by a thermal transmission electron microscope. At 1040 K, reflections began to split along the c-direction in the selected area diffraction pattern. This indicates that a new phase appears in the original phase matrix; the c length of the new phase is 1.5% longer than that of the original phase. After about 5 min, the original phase disappears. No change in the crystal symmetry (space group I4/mmm) is observed above 1040 K.     

Hydrolysis of beta-glucosyl ester linkage of p-hydroxybenzoyl beta-D-glucose, a chemically synthesized glucoside, by beta-glucosidases

To investigate the hydrolysis of glucosyl esters by beta-glucosidase, p-hydroxybenzoyl beta-D-glucose (pHBG) was chemically synthesized. The hydrolytic activity of some beta-glucosidases for pHBG was compared to that for p-nitrophenyl beta-glucoside (pNPG). The Clavibacter michiganense and Flavobacterium johnsonae enzymes could hydrolyze pHBG and steviol glycosides which are natural glucosyl esters. The commercial beta-glucosidase originating from Caldocellum saccharolyticum also hydrolyzes pHBG despite having no activity for steviol glycosides. The beta-glucosidase from Aspergillus niger cleaved the glucosyl ester linkage much more weakly than the glucosidic linkage. The pH-activity profile for the hydrolysis of pHBG was similar to that of pNPG by the C. saccharolyticum beta-glucosidase. The similar profiles for these substrates suggested that the active site for the glucosyl ester chemically resembles that for glucoside with respect to catalysis. Kinetic analysis of the C. saccharolyticum beta-glucosidase for mixed substrates of pHBG and pNPG showed that the hydrolysis of pHBG competed with that of pNPG. This result indicated that there is only one active site for both the glucosyl ester and glucoside. Mass spectroscopic analysis of the hydrolysates of pHBG in H218O suggested that beta-glucosidase hydrolyzes glucosyl esters between the anomeric carbon of glucose and the carbonyl oxygen, not between the carbonyl carbon and the carbonyl oxygen.     

All-optical switching in a distributed-feedback GaInAsP waveguide

The characteristics of all-optical switching in a waveguide device with a distributed-feedback structure were experimentally investigated. The device was composed of a strip-loaded GaInAsP/InP waveguide and a distributed-feedback structure, which was fabricated by a combination of reactive-ion etching and electron-beam exposure. In the experiments, several optical switching operations were demonstrated. In particular, the all-optical set-reset operation and threshold operation were obtained.     

DC conduction associated with electric field-induced motion in mineral oils

The contributions of the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) motion to the dc electric conduction in insulating oils are presented. The effects of solid/liquid interfaces on the EHD motion have been studied with a mineral oil-polypropylene mixed dielectric and a mineral oil single dielectric. The time dependence of current, schlieren images of EHD motion induced in the oil layer and response signals of density change in the vicinity of the electrode/oil interfaces after application of step voltage are observed. The results are as follows: (1) the EHD motion occurs at the positive electrode/oil interfaces when a voltage above critical voltage is applied; (2) a time delay exists between the application of step voltage and the onset of EHD motion. The time is inversely proportional to the applied voltage; (3) the EHD motion increases current and produces a peak phenomena in the current waveform; and (4) the time difference between peak current time and the delay time is inversely proportional to applied voltage.     

Sparfloxacin pharmacokinetics in healthy volunteers: the influence of acidification and alkalinization

This immunologic aspects of facial nerve paralysis due to herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection were investigated in a mouse model system. Half of the 4- to 5-week-old mice developed facial nerve paralysis, whereas none of the 6-week-old mice died or developed facial nerve paralysis on inoculation with HSV-1. Six-week-old mice showed significantly higher titers of anti-HSV-1 neutralizing antibody than did 4-week-old animals. Passive transfer of either anti-HSV-1 antibody or HSV-1-immunized splenic T cells into 4-week-old mice 3 hours after HSV-1 inoculation prevented development of facial nerve paralysis and death, whereas such transfers 48 or 96 hours after HSV-1 inoculation did not prevent or exacerbate facial nerve paralysis. These results demonstrate that the age and the immunologic potency of mice are closely related to the pathogenesis of facial nerve paralysis. That facial nerve paralysis developed even in 6-week-old mice whose T-cell function was suppressed with anti-CD3 antibody suggests that virus-induced cellular demyelination is unlikely as a cause of facial nerve paralysis in this animal model.     

Adjuvant intra-arterial chemotherapy with gastrin receptor antagonist after hepatic resection in colorectal cancer metastasis

The aim of this study was to determine whether chemo-endocrine therapy after the resection of liver metastasis from colorectal cancer would prevent recurrence in the remnant liver and prolong survival. Eleven colorectal cancer patients underwent hepatic resection for liver metastasis. Subsequently, they were administered Proglumide gastrin antagonist 1,200 mg/day + 5'-DFUR 800 mg/day for 2 years. In seven of them, MMC 6-10 mg and ADM 20 mg were infused intra-arterially every two weeks alternately for one year. In four of them, 5-FU 250 mg/day was infused for seven days continuously intra-arterially every two weeks for one year. Recurrence in the remnant liver occurred in four of 11 patients. All of these patients underwent repeated hepatectomy. The mean disease-free survival in the remnant liver was 37 months and the five-year survival rate was 91%. These results indicate that intra-arterial chemotherapy with gastrin receptor antagonist might be effective for adjuvant therapy in patients with resectable liver metastasis from colorectal cancer.