Comparative accounts of probiotic characteristics of Bacillus spp. isolated from food wastes

Bacillus strains JHT3, DET6 and DET9 were selectively isolated from food wastes. These isolates exhibited various degrees of essential probiotic qualities and varied level of susceptibility patterns against tested antibiotics. Spores of DET9 elucidated best tolerance against simulated gastro-acidic conditions whereas DET6 showed best steadiness against simulated intestinal conditions. DET6 exhibited better antimicrobial activity than JHT3 and DET9 against unsafe organisms viz Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus flavus, Proteus vulgaris, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli. Susceptibility of these isolates to antibiotics decreases the illustration to offer resistance determinants to other organisms if administered in the form of probiotic preparations. JHT3, DET6 and DET9 showed high homology with Bacillus megaterium, (98%) Bacillus subtilis (99%) and Bacillus thuringiensis, respectively, using partial 16S r-RNA gene sequencing. Biochemical characterizations have supported the results of partial 16S r-RNA gene sequencing for JHT3 and DET6 but did not for DET9 and revealed its innovation. These isolates exhibited zero mortality of fishes in a 60 days trial, when fishes (Surfi tetra) were challenged up to 100 ppm cell concentration, with their daily diet.     

Production of hyaluronic acid from Streptococcus zooepidemicus MTCC 3523 and its wound healing activity

Exopolysaccharide produced and purified from Streptococcus zooepidemicus MTCC 3523 was identified as hyaluronic acid (HA) based on IR and NMR spectroscopy while its Mw was found to be 5.38 × 10(5)Da. HA produced passed bacterial endotoxin test and showed significant wound healing activity in Wistar rats on 12th and 16th day.     

Multistage SrBaTiO3/PDMS Composite Film-Based Hybrid Nanogenerator for Efficient Floor Energy Harvesting Applications

Triboelectric nanogenerators are an emerging energy-scavenging technology that can harvest kinetic energy from various mechanical moments into electricity. The energy generated while humans walk is the most commonly available biomechanical energy. Herein, a multistage consecutively-connected hybrid nanogenerator (HNG) is fabricated and combined with a flooring system (MCHCFS) to efficiently harvest mechanical energy while humans walk. Initially, the electrical output performance of the HNG is optimized by fabricating a prototype device using various strontium-doped barium titanate (Ba_1-xSr_xTiO₃, BST) microparticles loaded polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite films. The BST/PDMS composite film acts as a negative triboelectric layer that operates against aluminum. Single HNG operated in contact-separation mode could generate an electrical output of ≈280 V, ≈8.5 µA, and ≈90 µC m⁻². The stability and robustness of the fabricated HNG are confirmed and eight similar HNGs are assembled in a 3D-printed MCHCFS. The MCHCFS is specifically designed to distribute applied force on the single HNG to four nearby HNGs. The MCHCFS can be implemented in real-life floors with an enlarged surface area to harvest energy generated while humans walk into direct current electrical output. The MCHCFS is demonstrated as a touch sensor that can be utilized in sustainable path lighting to save enormous electricity waste.