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71.
Daniela M. Nevskaia Maria Luisa Rojas Cervantes Antonio Guerrero Ruíz Juan de Dios Lpez Gonzlez 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》1995,63(3):249-256
Adsorption of Triton X-100 on various silica substrates has been investigated. A number of solids, including a natural quartz, this quartz washed with HCl acid and subsequently heated at 1273 K; two aerosils and one Kieselgel silicas were studied. These solids exhibit surface areas in the range of 5 to 430 m2 g?1. All the Triton adsorption isotherms display an S-shape at the adsorption temperatures studied (298 and 308 K). It has been found that the pretreatments of natural quartz (by water washing, impurities removed by acid and/or high temperature calcination) affect considerably the amounts of TX-100 adsorbed. Measurements of surface composition have been made by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with particular emphasis on the presence of impurities and on the number of OH groups at the surface of the samples. The nature of the surface hydroxyl has also been studied by infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the specific number of hydroxyl groups on the surface of the silica samples has been determined by thermogravimetric analysis. Finally an attempt to correlate solid surface characteristics with adsorption isotherms has been developed. 相似文献
72.
A monitoring of tool wear in different cutting operations has been studied for many years. Special techniques have been used to detect a wear status basing upon cutting forces, acoustic emission, temperature, torque and power, vibration, noise and acceleration sensors. The adapting of a proper prediction method allows to solve problems of an automatic supervision in Computer Integrated Manufacturing systems. A task of the abrasive edge wear index prediction can be formulated as follows: disposing by the data collection of the edge wear status in a time period preceding the concerning the wear status in the successive time period embraced by the prediction method. 相似文献
73.
74.
Woo Gon Kim Sung Ho Kim Woo Seog Ryu 《Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology》2002,16(11):1420-1427
The Monkman-Grant (M-G) and its modified parameters were evaluated for type 316LN and modified 9Cr-Mo stainless steels prepared
with minor element variations. Several sets of creep data for the two alloy systems were obtained by constant-load creep tests
in 550-650°C temperature range. The M-G parameters,m, m’,C, andC’ were proposed and discussed for the two alloy systems. Them value of the M-G relation was 0.90 in type 316LN steel and 0.84 in modified 9Cr-Mo steel. Them’, value of the modified relation was 0.94 in type 316LN steel and 0.89 in 9Cr-Mo steel. Although creep fracture modes and
creep properties between type 316LN and modified 9Cr-Mo steels showed a basic difference, the M-G and its modified relations
demonstrated linearity quite well. Them’ of modified relation almost overlapped regardless of the creep testing conditions and chemical variations in the two alloy
systems, and the parameterm’ was closer to unity than that of the M-G relation. 相似文献
75.
76.
Maria Zemankova 《Information Systems》1989,14(6):473-486
FILIP (fuzzy intelligent learning information processing) system is designed with the goal to model human information processing. The issues addressed are uncertain knowledge representation and approximate reasoning based on fuzzy set theory, and knowledge acquisition by “being told” or by “learning from examples”. Concepts that can be “learned” by the system can be imprecise (fuzzy), or the knowledge can be incomplete. In the latter case, FILIP uses the concept of similarity to extrapolate the knowledge to cases that were not covered by examples provided by the user. Concepts are stored in the Knowledge Base and employed in intelligent query processing, based on flexible inference that supports approximate matches between the data in the database and the query.
The architecture of FILIP is discussed, the learning algorithm is described, and examples of the system's performance in the knowledge acquisition and querying modes, together with its explanatory capabilities are shown. 相似文献
77.
Low molecular weight aldehydes were formed during surface water preozonization, their levels showing a positive correlation with increasing ozone dose applied and with increasing water temperature. A strong negative correlation was observed between aldehyde levels and U.V. absorbance at 254 nm.Coagulation had no influence on the aldehydes present and the influence of rapid double layer filtration varied strongly with temperature : significant removals were only observed above 10°C.Mutagenic activity generated by preozonization in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 shows an ozone dose depending relationship different from the formation of linear aldehydes. Its removal by coagulation is not effective but rapid double layer filtration reduces mutagenic activity to marginal levels.In this respect too no clear parallel can be drawn between the presence of low molecular weight aldehydes and mutagenic activity. 相似文献
78.
Larissa Canilha Walter Carvalho Marco Giulietti Maria Das Graças Almeida Felipe João Batista Almeida E Silva 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(5):715-721
BACKGROUND: Xylitol bioproduction from lignocellulosic residues comprises hydrolysis of the hemicellulose, detoxification of the hydrolysate, bioconversion of the xylose, and recovery of xylitol from the fermented hydrolysate. There are relatively few reports on xylitol recovery from fermented media. In the present study, ion‐exchange resins were used to clarify a fermented wheat straw hemicellulosic hydrolysate, which was then vacuum‐concentrated and submitted to cooling in the presence of ethanol for xylitol crystallization. RESULTS: Sequential adsorption into two anion‐exchange resins (A‐860S and A‐500PS) promoted considerable reductions in the content of soluble by‐products (up to 97.5%) and in medium coloration (99.5%). Vacuum concentration led to a dark‐colored viscous solution that inhibited xylitol crystallization. This inhibition could be overcome by mixing the concentrated medium with a commercial xylitol solution. Such a strategy led to xylitol crystals with up to 95.9% purity. The crystallization yield (43.5%) was close to that observed when using commercial xylitol solution (51.4%). CONCLUSION: The experimental data demonstrate the feasibility of using ion‐exchange resins followed by cooling in the presence of ethanol as a strategy to promote the fast recovery and purification of xylitol from hemicellulose‐derived fermentation media. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
79.
The thermal and mechanical properties and the morphologies of blends of poly(propylene) (PP) and an ethylene–(vinyl alcohol) copolymer (EVOH) and of blends of PP/EVOH/ethylene–(methacrylic acid)–Zn2+ ionomer were studied to establish the influence of the ionomer addition on the compatibilization of PP/EVOH blends and on their properties. The oxygen transmission rate (O2TR) values of the blends were measured as well. PP and EVOH are initially incompatible as was determined by tensile tests and scanning electronic microscopy. Addition of the ionomer Zn2+ led to good compatibility and mechanical behaviour was improved in all blends. The mechanical properties on extruded films were studied for 90/10 and 80/20 w/w PP/EVOH blends compatibilized with 10 % of ionomer Zn2+. These experiments have shown that the tensile properties are better than in the injection‐moulded samples. The stretching during the extrusion improved the compatibility of the blends, diminishing the size of EVOH domains and enhancing their distribution in the PP matrix. As was to be expected, the EVOH improved the oxygen permeation of the films, even in compatibilized blends. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
80.
Wladek T. Sobol L.John SchreinerLjubis̆a Miljković Maria E. Marcondes-HeleneLeonard W. Reeves M.Mik Pintar 《Fuel》1985
The first results of the analysis of bitumen and oil sands using the recently developed n.m.r. spingrouping technique are presented. The n.m.r. relaxation experiments were carried out on bitumen, and on natural and dried oil sands samples. The results indicate that the spin-grouping can resolve and quantify several components of the samples studied. The bitumen and bitumen fraction of the oil sands are resolved according to their spin-spin relaxation times into three major groups: solid-like (rigid), solid-like (mobile) and semi-liquid. The water in the oil sands exists in two different environments. Tentatively one environment is assigned to be the bridges between the sand grains, while the other is assigned to be the clay surface. One can conclude that with spin grouping of complex mixtures the decomposition (in which components are resolved according to their dynamic state) is possible. The accuracy of such resolution is of the order of a few per cent. 相似文献