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61.
Effect of grain size distribution on the strength of porous Si3N4 ceramics composed of elongated β-Si3N4 grains 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C. Kawai 《Journal of Materials Science》2001,36(23):5713-5717
The grain size distributions (diameter and aspect ratio) of porous Si3N4 ceramics composed of elongated -Si3N4 grains were evaluated statistically, and their effect on the pore size distribution and the flexural strength of the porous Si3N4 was investigated. Porous Si3N4 ceramics having porosities of 27 to 43% and median pore diameters of 0.56 to 0.96 m were used as specimens. The grain diameter distribution was well correlated to the pore size distribution of the porous Si3N4 ceramics. We concluded that the strength of the porous Si3N4 ceramics increased with increasing grain length of -Si3N4 as well as with decreasing porosity. 相似文献
62.
Organometallic Bonding in an Ullmann‐Type On‐Surface Chemical Reaction Studied by High‐Resolution Atomic Force Microscopy 下载免费PDF全文
Shigeki Kawai Ali Sadeghi Toshihiro Okamoto Chikahiko Mitsui Rémy Pawlak Tobias Meier Jun Takeya Stefan Goedecker Ernst Meyer 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,12(38):5303-5311
The on‐surface Ullmann‐type chemical reaction synthesizes polymers by linking carbons of adjacent molecules on solid surfaces. Although an organometallic compound is recently identified as the reaction intermediate, little is known about the detailed structure of the bonded organometallic species and its influence on the molecule and the reaction. Herein atomic force microscopy at low temperature is used to study the reaction with 3,9‐diiododinaphtho[2,3‐b:2′,3′‐d]thiophene (I‐DNT‐VW), which is polymerized on Ag(111) in vacuum. Thermally sublimated I‐DNT‐VW picks up a Ag surface atom, forming a C? Ag bond at one end after removing an iodine. The C? Ag bond is usually short‐lived, and a C? Ag? C organometallic bond immediately forms with an adjacent molecule. The existence of the bonded Ag atoms strongly affects the bending angle and adsorption height of the molecular unit. Density functional theory calculations reveal the bending mechanism, which reveals that charge from the terminus of the molecule is transferred via the Ag atom into the organometallic bond and strengths the local adsorption to the substrate. Such deformations vanish when the Ag atoms are removed by annealing and C? C bonds are established. 相似文献
63.
Sylwia Nowakowska Aneliia Wäckerlin Ignacio Piquero‐Zulaica Jan Nowakowski Shigeki Kawai Christian Wäckerlin Manfred Matena Thomas Nijs Shadi Fatayer Olha Popova Aisha Ahsan S. Fatemeh Mousavi Toni Ivas Ernst Meyer Meike Stöhr J. Enrique Ortega Jonas Björk Lutz H. Gade Jorge Lobo‐Checa Thomas A. Jung 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2016,12(28):3757-3763
64.
DLC films were deposited by a new pulsed DC discharge plasma chemical vapour deposition (CVD) using hydrogen and methane gas mixture. When methane concentration (Cm) i.e. CH4/(H2 + CH4) was increased from 3 to 40%, the graphitization of the carbon film increases as evident from Raman study. When Cm was increased to 30%, DLC film shows photoconducting property. The white light photoconductivity (S = Il/Id, where Il is light current and Id is dark current) measured with solar simulator under AM 1.5 condition was approximately 20 at room temperature. The photoconductivity was not clear when Cm was lower than 20%. ESR measurements also show that the electron spin density was slightly decreased with decreasing concentration of methane. Thus we can conclude here that at higher concentrations of methane at 30%, Sp2 content of the film increases and the DLC film becomes photoconducting. 相似文献
65.
A formalization of graphical processes in computer graphics systems is presented in terms of functions and their system of axioms. The concept of the viewing pipeline is formalized as operation sequence which is a sequential composition of graphical elementary operations. The formalization includes two kinds of operation sequences which are used as the formal specifications of graphics systems and display devices. In order to generate a graphics system using a display device, we introduced the concept of functionality-preserving transformation of operation sequences in terms of various types of commutations among primitive operations. A type of transformation, which is called extraction, plays a central role in the generation algorithm. 相似文献
66.
Simultaneous single-frequency oscillations on different transitions have been observed experimentally in a laser-diode-pumped microchip LiNdP4O12 laser. The peculiar modal input-output characteristics and the antiphase relaxation oscillation dynamics have been reproduced theoretically using rate equations, including the strong spatial localization of population inversions, cross saturation, and resonant reabsorption loss in an unpumped region brought about by the inherent high Nd concentrations 相似文献
67.
Masamichi Kajita Masaki MagariKagefumi Todo Naoki KanayamaHitoshi Ohmori 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2010,109(4):407-410
A hypermutating B cell line DT40 is useful for screening antibodies and improving affinity of the selected antibodies in vitro. To perform affinity maturation efficiently, we generated an engineered DT40 line whose immunoglobulin mutation pattern can be transformed from gene conversion into point mutation by conditional suppression of XRCC3 expression. 相似文献
68.
69.
We investigated the mobility and distribution of cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) in four contaminated soil profiles
from Bangladesh. The sources of contamination of these profiles were tannery wastes, city sewage and the wastes of pharmaceutical
and paper mill factories at different locations in Bangladesh. The samples were collected from the A-, B- and C-horizons of
each profile: two sub-samples from the A-horizon at depths of 0–5 cm (A1) and >5 cm (A2), and one sample each from the B-
and C-horizons. Soil samples were analysed for total metal content by dissolution in aqua regia followed by sequential extraction
of the fractions based on their varying solubility. There were six operationally defined groups of extraction sequences: water
soluble (F1), exchangeable (F2), carbonate (F3), oxide (F4), organic (F5) and residual (F6). The total concentration of Cd,
Ni and Zn in the A-horizon (0–5 cm) ranged from 0.10 to 0.62, from 31 to 54 and from 85 to 838 mg kg−1, respectively. In the B- and C-horizons, the concentrations of these metals decreased many fold, particularly in the city
sewage profile where the decrease for Cd and Zn was approximately fourfold. The distribution of metals among the chemical
fractions depended on their total concentrations. In the A1-horizon, Cd had the highest mobility factor [MF = (F1+F2+F3)/(F1+F2+F3+F4+F5+F6) × 100]
at 41–43% and Ni had the lowest at 3–13%, while Zn, showed intermediate values at 8–25%. The MF decreased with depth in all
soil profiles. Among the fractions, the residual fraction contained the lowest levels of Cd but the highest levels of Ni and
Zn. This state affected their relative mobility and distribution in soil profiles. Of the soil profiles, the mobility of all
metals was higher in the city sewage soil than in any of the other three soils investigated, suggesting that the former may
create a health risk by contaminating agricultural products and ground water as it also contained higher amounts of Cd and
Zn. 相似文献