Effect of medium-chain fatty acid positional distribution in dietary triacylglycerol on lymphatic lipid transport and chylomicron composition in rats

The present study was carried out to examine if the positional distribution of medium-chain fatty acid (MCF) in dietary synthetic fat influences lymphatic transport of dietary fat and the chemical composition of chylomicrons in rats with permanent cannulation of thoracic duct. Four types of synthetic triacylglycerol were prepared: (i) sn-1(3) MCF-sn 2 linoleic acid, (ii) interesterified sn-1(3) MCF-sn 2 linoleic acid, (iii) sn-2 MCF-sn-1(3) linoleic acid, and (iv) interesterified sn-2 MCF-sn-1(3) linoleic acid. A purified diet composed of equal amounts of the synthetic fat and cocoa butter was given to rats with permanent lymph duct cannulation. The positional distribution of MCF in the dietary fat had no significant effect on the lymph flow, triacylglycerol output, phospholipid output, lipid composition of chylomicrons, or the particle size. The positional distribution of MCF in the synthetic triacylglycerol was maintained in the chylomicron triacylglycerol. These results showed that MCF in the dietary triacylglycerol is transported into lymphatics and the positional distribution is well preserved in chylomicron triacylglycerol.     

Preparation and Characterization of Superconducting B1-Type Mo1-xNbxN Thin Films

Solid-solution thin films, Mo_1−xNb_xN, with B1 (NaCl) structure have been deposited on substrates at 450°C by reactive sputtering of composite targets with Mo and Nb metals in an equimolar Ar and N₂ gas mixture. The lattice parameter of the solid solution increased linearly with an increase of Nb content, x . The superconducting transition temperature, T _c, of the Mo-rich films ( x ≦ 0.12) was around 6 K, which was lower than that expected from theoretical prediction. The residual resistivity ratio, r =ρ(300 K)/ρ(20 K), of the films varied with x , and a minimum value of r was observed in the vicinity of x = 0.5.     

Differences in Sterol Composition between Male and Female Gonads of Dominant Limpet Species

The present study demonstrated here for the first time that there are statistically significant differences in sterol composition between male and female gonads of the dominant limpets Cellana grata and Cellana toreuma, which are intertidal gastropods. Among 11 different sterols identified in this study, unusually high levels (11.2–19.8% of total sterols) of the Δ⁸-sterols 5α-cholest-8-en-3β-ol (zymostenol) and 5α-cholesta-8,24-dien-3β-ol (zymosterol), which have never been reported in aquatic invertebrate gonads, were present in only the male gonads.     

“Click Peptide“: pH‐Triggered in Situ Production and Aggregation of Monomer Aβ1–42

Into neutral : We demonstrate the unique features of a pH click peptide based on an O‐acyl isopeptide method. Under acidic conditions, the click peptide remains in a monomeric form. Upon increase of the pH to 7.4, the click peptide is quickly able to convert into Aβ1–42 through an O‐to‐N intramolecular acyl migration. Further study using this pH click peptide would elucidate the pathological role of Aβ1–42 in Alzheimer's disease.

     

Characterization of acylmono-, mono-, di-, tri- and tetraglycosylsterol and saponin in Adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) seeds

Five sterylglycosides (acylmono-, mono-, di tri- and tetraglycosylsterol) and a saponin were isolated from Adzuki beans and characterized. In the glycosylsterols, the principal component sterols were sitosterol and stigmasterol; the major sugar component was glucose. The glucose units were shown to be linked by β1,6-bonds. The three oligoglycosylsterols were shown to be gentiobiosylsterol, gentiotriosylsterol and gentiotetraosylsterol; the latter two are novel sterylglycosides. The saponin was identified as glucopyranosyl-(β1→2)-glucopyranurosyl-(β1→3′)-soyasapogenol B (Azukisaponin I) which had previously been found in Adzuki beans.     

Precision die-casting of optical MU/SC conversion sleeve

The performance of MU/SC conversion sleeve produced by bulk metallic glass (Zr₅₅Al₁₀Ni₅Cu₃₀) was examined. A precision die-casting method was applied to improve size accuracy. The size accuracy of the conversion sleeve produced by the precision die-casting method was ±1 μm, and optical insertion loss (Li) was less than 0.3 dB for a standard value. The wear resistance of metallic glass is improved by surface oxidation treatment in air at 673 K. The MU/SC conversion sleeve produced from bulk metallic glass has superior characteristics for optical parts.     

TEM Observations of the Initial Oxidation Stages of Nb-Ion-Implanted TiAl

Coupon specimens of TiAl were implanted with Nb ions at an acceleration voltage of 50 kV with a dose of 10²¹ ions m.^–2 They were then slightly oxidized during heating to 900 or 1200 K, or at 1200 K for 3.6 ksec (1 hr) in a flow of purified oxygen under atmospheric pressure. The implanted specimens and oxidized specimens were characterized and observed by AES, X-ray diffractometry, SEM, TEM, EDS, and EPMA. Implantation improves the oxidation resistance significantly by forming virtually -Al₂O₃ scales. The implanted layer is about 75 nm thick; the outer part of 30-nm thickness is -Ti phase and the rest of 45-nm thickness is amorphous. Heating to 900 K in O₂ results in partial crystallization of the amorphous layer to Ti₅Al₃O₂ (Z-phase) and to 1200 K results in oxide scales of 270 to 400 nm thickness consisting mainly of Al₂O₃. The fraction of Al₂O₃ in the scale increases toward the substrate. Oxidation at 1200 K for 3.6 ksec results in Al₂O₃-rich scales of about 400-nm thickness. The oxide grain size is very fine, about 80 nm in size, and becomes smaller toward the outer scale surface. This implies that implantation enhanced the nucleation of Al₂O₃ grains relative to the growth of TiO₂ grains. This finding and the formation of -Ti phase are thought to be responsible for the excellent oxidation resistance obtained.     

Effect of Lipase Activity and Specificity on the DAG Content of Olive Oil from the Shodoshima-Produced Olive Fruits

Olive oils have a higher relative diacylglycerol (DAG) content than other plant oils. The lipase in olive fruits is involved in DAG production and is directly related to the acidity of the olive oil. However, the lipase activity and positional selectivity have not been clarified. To investigate the properties of olive fruit lipase, olive fruits of the Mission variety harvested during mid-December of 2005 on Shodoshima Island (Japan) were stored at 20, 30 or 40 °C for 4 weeks. Changes in the acidity and acylglycerol content of the oils extracted from the stored fruits were analyzed. The acidity and DAG content of the olive oils increased due to triacylglycerol (TAG) hydrolysis during storage. sn-1,2-DAGs preferentially increased during the early stages of storage, indicating that the olive fruit lipase is enantioselective for the sn-3 position, while non-enzymatic isomerization of sn-1,2-DAGs was observed throughout the entire duration of storage. Kinetic analysis revealed that the enantioselectivity of olive fruit lipase for the sn-3 position was approximately four times greater than for the sn-1 position. The lipase was gradually inactivated at temperatures of 30 °C or higher, and the ratios of the rate constant for inactivation to TAG hydrolysis at the sn-3 position was 0.2, 13, and 23 at 20, 30, and 40 °C, respectively.     

Synthesis and application of fluorescein- and biotin-labeled molecular probes for the chemokine receptor CXCR4

The design, synthesis, and bioevaluation of fluorescence- and biotin-labeled CXCR4 antagonists are described. The modification of D-Lys8 at an epsilon-amino group in the peptide antagonist Ac-TZ14011 derived from polyphemusin II had no significant influence on the potent binding of the peptide to the CXCR4 receptor. The application of the labeled peptides in flow cytometry and confocal microscopy studies demonstrated the selectivity of their binding to the CXCR4 receptor, but not to CXCR7, which was recently reported to be another receptor for stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)/CXCL12.     

TIG电弧活性化焊接现象和机理研究(3)--活性化TIG焊接中的熔池表面张力测定

利用熔池振荡及熔池谐振信号的检测,以熔池自身固有振荡频率与熔池尺寸的内在关系测定熔池金属表面张力,研究了薄板ＳＵＳ３０４不锈钢ＴＩＧ焊不同熔池尺寸的表面张力变化以及活性剂对熔池表面张力的影响。实验研究方法为焊接熔池表面张力测定中的最初应用。