Lubrication modes and the IRG transition diagram

The relationship between a Lubrication Mode Diagram (LMD) for concentrated contacts (LCC's) and the ‘IRG transition’ diagram has been studied. In addition, scuffing results, obtained by the IRG (International Research Group) have been analysed, as well as the results of scuffing tests performed by different workers using a two-disc apparatus. It has been found that in Region I of the IRG transition diagram, three sub-regions can be distinguished, representing elastohydrodynamic lubrication, mixed lubrication, and boundary lubrication, respectively. Thus, the IRG transition diagram is not comparable to a ‘lubrication mode diagram’. Furthermore, it has been found that failure of LCC's by scuffing most frequently occurs under conditions of mixed lubrication. Therefore, scuffing criteria based upon the assumption that the load at failure is carried entirely by the micro-contacts are doubtful, and probably wrong.     

Estimation of the effects of an intensive solar intervention in the historical centre of jaén (Spain)

This paper is directed at evaluating the theoretical potential of an intensive solar intervention in the historical centre of the city of Jaén (Spain). Using the outputs of a solar intervention proposal comprising biomass, photovoltaics and solar thermal domestic hot water (DHW) over a 50-building sample (in which those suitable for solar measures have been selected by evaluating each one over a collection of parameters), energy savings, environmental benefits and economic aspects of the envisaged actions are extrapolated over the entire historical centre. A saving of about 70% of conventional source energy annual consumption and a decrease of some 70% and 73% of CO₂ and SO_x annual releases, respectively, could be reached with respect to the present situation. Besides, an amount of conventionally generated electricity equivalent to the yearly photovoltaic-generated electricity would require 131500 m³ of water a year, which is a rather significant feature for a dry climate like that of the city. the unitary cost of energy in the new scenario would be 60.7 pta kWh-¹ for photovoltaics, 329.9 pta m-³ for DHW using solar thermal installations and 4.6 Pta kWh-¹ for biomass heating (1 US$ = 132.7 pta; 1 ECU = 160.9 pta).     

Control of the J-Aggregation Phenomenon by variation of the N-alkyl-substituents

Cyanine dyes ( 1a–d ) with the 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′-dialkyl-3,3′-di-(3-carboxypropyl)-benzimidocarbocyanine chromophore differing only in the chain length of their alkyl groups in 1,1′-position have been synthesized, spectroscopically characterized, and compared with 5,5′6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′-diethyl-3,3′-di-(4-sulfobutyl)-benzimidocarbocyanine( TDBC ). In aqueous solution the dyes form J-aggregates which, depending on the alkyl group chain length, exhibit J-bands differing in spectral positions, bandwidth, and in the number of peaks.     

Structural and Physicochemical Changes of Potato Starch Along Periodate Oxidation

Dialdehyde starches were prepared by oxidation with periodate. The influence of the degree of oxidation of the dialdehyde starch on its microstructural and physicochemical properties such as crystallinity, granular structure, complexing capacity with iodine and lysolecithine and water absorption are discussed. Oxidation appears to cause a gradual decrease of any microstructure, meanwhile water absorption is observed to be maximal at intermediate degrees of oxidation. A structure-swelling relationship has been developed and compared with the washing efficiency during purification.     

Comparison of Automated Ribotyping,spa Typing,and MLST in 108 Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from Orthopedic Infections

108 isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, belonging to six large ribogroups according to the automated Ribo-Printer^® system, were studied with two highly used molecular methods for epidemiological studies, namely multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and spa typing, followed by BURP and eBURST v3 analysis for clustering spa types and sequence (ST) types. The aim was to evaluate whether automated ribotyping could be considered a useful screening tool for identifying S. aureus genetic lineages with respect to spa typing and MLST. Clarifying the relationship of riboprinting with these typing methods and establishing whether ribogroups fit single clonal complexes were two main objectives. Further information on the genetic profile of the isolates was obtained from agr typing and the search for the mecA, tst genes, and the IS256 insertion sequence. Automated ribotyping has been shown to predict spa clonal complexes and MLST clonal complexes. The high cost and lower discriminatory power of automated ribotyping compared to spa and MSLT typing could be an obstacle to fine genotyping analyzes, especially when high discriminatory power is required. On the other hand, numerous advantages such as automation, ease and speed of execution, stability, typeability and reproducibility make ribotyping a reliable method to be juxtaposed to gold standard methods.     

基于原始套接字的网络安全研究与实现

围绕信息的获取、使用和控制的竞争愈演愈烈,网络安全问题变得日益重要,信息安全成为维护国家安全和社会稳定的一个焦点。如何辨别防御与攻击和增强网络安全已成为网络运营商和技术管理人员、甚至普通网络用户研究的问题。在网络安全方面,利用原始套接字实现网络嗅探可以有效地探测在网络上传输的数据包信息,对这些信息的分析有助于网络安全的维护．     

Where Are We with RPE Replacement Therapy? A Translational Review from the Ophthalmologist Perspective

The retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) plays a pivotal role in retinal homeostasis. It is therefore an interesting target to fill the unmet medical need of different retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration and Stargardt disease. RPE replacement therapy may use different cellular sources: induced pluripotent stem cells or embryonic stem cells. Cells can be transferred as suspension on a patch with different surgical approaches. Results are promising although based on very limited samples. In this review, we summarize the current progress of RPE replacement and provide a comparative assessment of different published approaches which may become standard of care in the future.