大豆肽的营养及其在食品工业中应用安全性探讨

0 引言 大豆是一种重要的蛋白和生物活性肽的潜在资源.大豆的主要贮存蛋白质组分是β-伴大豆球蛋白(β-conglycinin)和大豆球蛋白(glycinin)组成,大豆蛋白质的分子结构复杂,80%的分子量在10万以上,大多数内部分子结构呈反行非有序结构,分子高度压缩、折叠,大豆球蛋白三级结构、四级结构(特别是二硫桥键使其亚基牢固结合)高度结构化形成规则实体,从而使得大豆蛋白质消化吸收率和生物效价远不及牛奶、蛋等动物蛋白质.另外,大豆蛋白质的低pH值时溶解性、高浓度时的高黏度等功能特性也不能完全满足食品加工特别是流体食品的加工的需要.为了进一步提高大豆蛋白质的营养功能,并改善其加工特性,充分发挥大豆蛋白质在维系人体健康方面的重要作用,提高大豆产品的附加值,必须应用现代生物高科技手段,开展大豆蛋白加工与功能研究工作,将大豆蛋白质生物活性肽类释放,发挥生理效能.     

冻干PST脂质体的制备及物理稳定性的研究

用卵磷脂、十八胺、胆固醇为原料,用超声波乳化逆相蒸发制备PST脂质体,并在-65℃冷冻干燥形成固体。测定粒颗粒形态、Zeta电位DSC等,研究其物理稳定性,发现冻干样品性质稳定。     

Contribution of Protein Flexibility to the Foaming Properties of Casein

The effect of biopolymer flexibility on the foaming properties of casein was investigated. Flexibility was altered by: (1) chemical modification (covalent binding of a monosaccharide on the lysyl residues) or (2) pH change. Electron Spin Resonance was used to measure the reorientational frequency of casein residues labeled with nitroxide radicals. High levels of glycosylation induced increased protein flexibility and improved the foaming capacity. Good agreement was observed between higher values of flexibility and improved surface properties near the isoelectric point.     

精梳涤纶条含量对涤纶针织物性能的影响

为开发高品质涤纶针织物,设计了6组不同精梳涤纶条含量的纯涤纶纱和1组普梳涤纶纱,并制备相应的针织物。通过对针织物抗起毛起球性、顶破性、织物风格及透气透湿性进行测试,同时对比分析不同含量精梳涤纶条对织物服用性能的影响。结果表明:精梳涤纶条含量对织物的透湿性、透气性、起毛起球性、顶破性及织物风格有直接影响;相同组织结构下,精梳涤纶条含量在60%~70%时针织物的透湿性能、顶破性能及织物风格指标最优;精梳涤纶条含量在100%时针织物的透气性能和起毛起球性能最优;精梳涤纶条含量在60%~70%时织物服用性能与全精梳织物服用性能相比差异不大。在实际生产中,采用不同含量精梳涤纶条进行生产,既能满足高质量要求,又能节约成本,提高效率。     

INFLUENCE OF FLAVORING ON THE VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF STARCH GELS DURING GELATION AND LONG-TIME RETROGRADATION

The effect of three different aroma compounds on the texture of starch dispersions during gelation and retrogradation was studied. Oscillatory measurements were used to follow gelation and to check the structure of the starch dispersions after retrogradation up to 28 days. Rheological tests did not indicate any effect of the presence of any of the aroma compounds on the mechanism of gelation. During long‐time retrogradation, some added aroma compound did. We assume that this is a consequence of the ability of aroma compounds to form a complex or to show another type of interaction with starch molecules like entrapment in the amorphous regions of starch. Linalool is known to form complexes with amylase, but did not induce texture modifications, probably because, in our experiments, the added amount of this compound was too low. Isoamyl acetate, which according to literature interacts with amylopectin, exhibited a weak effect after 3 or 4 weeks, depending on the amount added. Octanal also increased gel stiffness after 3 weeks. This phenomenon is consistent with the observation that this aroma compound can form complexes with starch as demonstrated by X‐ray diffraction in this study.     

基于机器视觉的皮蛋斑点检测和最佳生产配方研究

以鲜鸭蛋为原料,采用浸泡法腌制皮蛋。基于机器视觉的方法,通过图像获取系统得到皮蛋表面斑点的整体颜色特征,采用计算机软件对皮蛋表面斑点进行量值化处理得出蛋壳亮度值,以考察金属添加剂种类和含量、NaOH含量、食盐含量等因素对皮蛋表面斑点形成的影响。采用正交试验方法,通过对试验结果的加权评分,得出上述影响因素对综合品质的影响程度顺序为：食盐含量＞NaOH含量＞金属盐含量;腌制时采用配比为NaOH 6g/100mL、食盐2g/100mL、氯化铜0.3g/100mL制作的皮蛋斑点少、颜色浅、感官品质较好。     

杨梅酮对高脂诱导的肥胖小鼠脂肪肝的预防作用

研究杨梅酮(Myricetin,MTN)对高脂诱导的肥胖小鼠脂肪肝的预防作用。32只C57BL/6J雄性小鼠随机分为4组:对照组(CT,饲喂正常日粮),对照+杨梅酮组(CT+MTN,饲喂含质量分数0.2%杨梅酮的正常日粮),高脂组(HF,饲喂高脂日粮),高脂+杨梅酮组(HF+MTN,饲喂含质量分数0.2%杨梅酮的高脂日粮)。10周后测定小鼠代谢差异(能量消耗、呼吸交换率、自主活动),血脂水平,肝脏氧化还原状态及脂质沉积情况,同时采用q PCR检测小鼠肝脏脂质代谢相关基因的表达。结果表明与对照组相比,长期高脂日粮导致小鼠体质量显著增加,内脏脂肪沉积,能量消耗显著降低(P0.05)。肝脏发生氧化应激,表现为MDA显著上升,GSH-Px、SOD、CAT、GSH显著下降(P0.05)。肝脏脂肪变性,肝脏甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、游离脂肪酸(FFA)水平均显著高于对照组,脂质合成相关基因(Acc1、Fasn、Srebf1)显著上调,脂肪酸氧化相关基因(Cpt1α、Pparα)显著下调。高脂日粮基础上添加杨梅酮能够恢复肝脏TG、TC、FFA水平及肝脏脂质代谢相关基因(Acc1、Fasn、Srebf1、Cpt1α)的表达,同时维持肝脏的氧化还原状态。因此,推测杨梅酮可能通过维持肝脏氧化还原状态,促进能量消耗,调节肝脏脂质代谢,预防脂肪肝的发生。     

Finite Element Analysis of Ceramic Coatings under Spherical Indentation with Metallic Interlayer: Part Ⅰ Uncracked Coatings

Spherical indentation of ceramic coatings with metallic interlayer was performed by means of axisymmetric finite element analysis (FEA). Two typical ceramic coatings with relatively high and low elastic modulus deposited on aluminum alloy and carbon steel were considered. Various combinations of indenter radius-coating thickness ratios and interlayer thickness-coating thickness ratios were used in the modeling. The effects of the interlayer, the coating and the substrate on the indentation behavior, such as the radial stress distribution along the coating surface as well as the coating interface, and the plastic deformation zone evolution in the substrate were investigated in connection with the above mentioned ratios. The coating cracking dominant modes were also discussed within the context of the peak tensile stresses on the coating surface and on the coating interface.     

强脉冲离子束在金属中引起的应力波效应

金属在强脉冲离子束辐照及其后的快速冷却过程中所经历的应力过程是强脉冲离子束金属材料改性的最重要的机制之一。对应于这种过程，金属材料的微观结构和微硬度发生了改变。本文以45＃钢和纯铝为样品，将实验中测量到的不同强度的强脉冲辐照后样品微硬度和微观结构的变化与热力学计算所描述的热力学过程相对照，解释了出现微硬度双峰是由于应力波的形成和传播使然，并预言了由于应力波的在样品背面的反射，在较强能通量的强脉冲离子束辐照下样品背表面一定深度处也会出现微硬度增加的现象，该现象已被实验所证实。     

分形几何和动力系统中的一些问题

本文是Zhou与Feng,Nonlinearity,2004的续篇,对自相似集的结构和动力系统提出一些较为深入的问题。