Cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-phenyl-1,3,6,2-trioxaphosphocane

Summary The ring-opening polymerization of 2-phenyl-1,3,-6,2-trioxaphosphocane (4), an eight-membered cyclic phosphonite, has been investigated. Cationic initiators of PhCH₂-Cl and MeOTf gave polymers, whereas anionic and radical initiators did not yield polymer. The structure of polymer was examined by IR, ¹H, ³¹P, and ³¹C NMR spectroscopy of polymers and elemental analysis as well as the alkaline hydrolysis products. The polymer consisted of two different units, i.e., the major part is the normal phosphinate structure 5 and the minor part is the isomerized unit 6 in 7% with PhCH₂Cl initiation and in 34% with MeOTf initiator. The difference in nature of propagating species from these two initiators are discussed in connection with their reactivities.On leave from the Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China     

工业过程的先进控制

在分析工业过程特点的基础上，总结了工业过程先进控制的发展现状，阐述了PID控制器参数整定和模型预测控制的基本概念和内容，讨论了工业过程先进控制的核心内容及其带来的可观的经济效益，并探讨了先进控制软件的产业化问题。     

FCC汽油降烯烃技术进展

介绍了近年来国内外FCC汽油降烯烃的技术进展，并对FCC汽油降烯技术及相关措施的未来应用前景进行了分析。     

TiC－Al_2O_3复合材料的自蔓延高温合成和致密化

以ＴｉＯ＿２，Ａｌ和Ｃ三种粉末为原料，采用自蔓延高温合成和加压的方法制备了ＴｉＣ－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３复合材料。在１ＧＰａ压力下，可使样品达到理论密度的９５％。对未反应样品燃烧前在真空状态下预热脱气，则密度可达９８％。为避免样品开裂，必须控制冷却速度。对合成产品进行了Ｘ射线分析，表明从ＴｉＯ＿２，Ａｌ，和Ｃ三种粉末原料制备密实的ＴｉＣ－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３复合材料是可能的。     

过氧化脲牙齿美白剂开发及应用研究进展

过氧化脲可通过持续释放活性氧达到牙齿美白的目的，适用于各种原因引起的着色牙齿的美白。它可同时美白多个牙齿，美白效率高、费用低、使用方便和刺激性小，详细介绍了国内外专利配方及其使用效果；总结了国内外对过氧化脲牙齿美白剂的应用研究和对牙釉质、牙本质的影响；指出了国外研究的发展趋势，结合我国的实际情况对我国开发过氧化脲牙齿美白剂的方向提出了建议。     

Langmuir吸附方程的应用

本文总结了Langmuir方程在吸附分离过程中的应用。利用Langmuir方程得到直观表达混合气组分气体间吸附强弱关系及分离的难易程度的x-y图，推导了Lewis关系式。     

Laboratory study of air-water-coal combustion product (fly ash and FGD solid) mercury exchange

Recent laboratory research has indicated that coal fly ash derived from subbituminous and bituminous type coals is a sink for atmospheric mercury (Hg), however lignite-based ash was found to emit Hg to the air. Solids collected from systems with components that enhance Hg removal (i.e. activated carbon injection (ACI), flue gas desulfurization (FGD), and selective catalytic reduction (SCR) or selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR)) may have higher Hg concentrations and therefore a higher potential for Hg release. For this study we investigated the potential for Hg release to the air and water from coal combustion products (CCPs) collected from coal-fired units with FGD equipment, SCR and SNCR equipment, and sorbent injection for Hg removal. In the laboratory study, most dry samples acted as sinks for atmospheric Hg in the dark at 25 °C. When exposed to light or increased temperature (45 °C), deposition of Hg to the fly ash substrates in most cases continued but decreased. Wet FGD samples emitted Hg. However, they became a sink for atmospheric Hg or exhibited low Hg emission rates when dried. Mercury flux in the dark at 25 °C was correlated with fly ash carbon content (LOI). Most liquid extracts derived using the synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP EPA method 1312) had very low Hg concentrations (<13 ng/l).     

Poly(etherimide)/montmorillonite nanocomposites prepared by melt intercalation

A novel aromatic amine organo‐modifier synthesized in our previous work was used to treat montmorillonite (MMT) and the organo‐modified MMT was used to prepare poly(etherimide) (PEI)/MMT nanocomposites by a melt intercalation method. MMT treated by this amine exhibited large layer‐to‐layer spacing and a high ion‐exchange ratio (>95%). The nanocomposites were characterized with X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic mechanical analysis, a universal tester, thermogravimetric analysis, and by differential scanning calorimetry. The results of XRD and TEM showed that the nanocomposites formed exfoliated structures even when the MMT content was 10 wt %. When the MMT content was below 3 wt %, the PEI/MMT nanocomposites were strengthened and toughened at the same time. The nanocomposites also showed marked decreases in coefficient of thermal expansion and solvent uptake. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 1857–1863, 2003     

高效节能水力旋流器研究进展

综合介绍了国内外高效节能水力旋流器的研究进展,分析了影响旋流器分离性能和能耗的主要因素,介绍了针对不同问题提出的相应解决办法.对其迄今的研究成果进行了简要评述,并对其发展进行了展望。     

规整填料塔精馏的Marangoni效应

选用 6种代表性物系对陶瓷板波纹和不锈钢丝网规整填料进行全回流精馏实验 ,考察Marangoni效应对规整填料液体流动分布及传质的影响 .结果表明 :对纯有机体系 ,Marangoni效应影响较小 ;而对有机物的水溶液 ,Marangoni效应严重影响着填料的润湿和传质效率