Cost‐effective porous ceramic tubes fabricated through a phase inversion/casting process using calcined bauxite

Cost‐effective ceramic tubes based on low‐price commercial calcined bauxite for economical separation were fabricated by a new phase‐inversion casting method. The thermal shrinkage and weight loss during heating of the green tubes were characterized by dilatometric analysis and TG, respectively. Three shrinkage stages appear successively, corresponding to the viscous deformation of polymeric binder at 200‐300°C, significant combustion loss of ~5.2 wt% at 500‐620°C and sintering shrinkage over 800°C, respectively. However, due to high enough viscosity of the casting suspension that can guarantee the green tube against collapse or deformation during the phase inversion/casting process, the sintered tubes display nearly uniform microstructure instead of characteristic asymmetrical structure of the phase inversion process. The influence of sintering temperature on the pore property (including pore size and porosity) and mechanical strength was investigated. As the sintering temperature increases from 1200 to 1400°C, the porosity and average pore size decrease from 46.4% to 37.0% and from 0.98 to 0.81 μm, respectively, and the flexural strength increases from 25.8 to 65.1 MPa. The cost‐effective ceramic tube sintering at the range of 1250‐1400°C can be capable of functioning as a microfiltration membrane or an ultrafiltration membrane support.     

含90°直角弯管结构受限空间油气泄压爆炸实验与大涡模拟研究

针对含90°直角弯管结构受限空间油气泄压爆炸特性进行了研究,采用高速摄影等技术对爆炸过程中的压力瞬变、火焰形态进行了采集,同时对实验进行了大涡模拟,精确模拟了火焰经过弯管时的超压特性、流场结构以及火焰形态,并与实验结果进行了对比分析。结果表明：（1）弯管结构对于爆炸过程中火焰结构有影响,在受限空间内火焰形态发生“半球形-指尖形-毛刷状”三种形态转变。（2）在弯管处形成的毛刷状火焰是由弯管局部压力梯度形成的涡流导致的。（3）衍射波与反射波在弯管处的叠加对爆炸超压峰值具有强化作用。（4）爆炸过程中,爆炸超压峰值、火焰速度、火焰锋面面积表现出显著的耦合性,具有密切的内在联系,三者随时间变化趋势存在较强的一致性。     

Conducting Polymer Nanostructures and their Derivatives for Flexible Supercapacitors

This review provides a brief summary of the recent research developments in the fabrication and application of conducting polymer nanostructures and their derivatives as electrodes for flexible supercapacitors (SCs). By controlling the nucleation and growth process of polymerization, conducting polymers (CPs) with different nanostructures can be prepared by employing chemical polymerization, electrochemical polymerization and photo-induced polymerization. These CPs (such as polyaniline and polypyrrole) with special nanostructures possess high capacitance, superior rate capability ascribed to large electrochemical surface, and optimal ion diffusion path in the ordered nanostructures. The composites of nano-structured conducting polymer and some conductive flexible substrates (such as carbon nanotube film and graphene film) are proved to be ideal electrode materials for high performance flexible SCs. Furthermore, high N-containing CPs are very prospective for preparing N-doped carbon materials used as flexible electrodes for flexible SCs. With respect to the extra pseudo-capacitance induced by N atoms and superior stability derived from the conjugated graphitic structure of carbon materials, the obtained flexible SCs based on N-doped carbon materials could achieve high capacitance, high rate performance, and superior cycling stability.     

New insight into the mechanism of enhanced crystallization of PLA in PLLA/PDLA mixture

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a bio‐based and compostable polymer that has quickly developed into a competitive material, but the control of crystallinity is a bottleneck in extended utilization. The crystallization of PLA has been a rich topic because of the existence of two enantiomeric forms of poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(d ‐lactic acid) (PDLA) can form stereocomplex (SC) crystal with high melting point that can be used to control the crystallization behaviors. The SC crystal was regarded as an effective nucleating agent for promoting the crystallization rate and crystallinity of PLA. We investigated cold crystallization of PLLA/PDLA (1:1) mixture with in situ WAXS measurements and found that the homo‐crystal of PLA formed earlier than the SC‐crystal in the mixture within the measured temperature range, which is different from the melting crystallization. The final crystalline structures are in correspondence with the melting and cold crystallization temperature, and the transition of homo‐PLA (δ to α) is not altered by the crystallization procedure. The SC‐crystal can be detected in both cold and melting crystallization of the mixture at the temperatures lower than 150 °C, which is conflict with the reported results. A new crystallization mechanism of the mixture was proposed to understand the crystallization behaviors in PLLA/PDLA mixtures. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 45663.     

Dy and Eu activated Ca3B2O6 phosphors for near ultraviolet‐based light‐emitting diodes

The Dy‐ and Eu‐activated Ca₃B₂O₆ phosphors were synthesized by a high‐temperature solid‐state reaction technique and their structural and luminescent properties were investigated. The phosphors are characterized by X‐ray diffraction, photoluminescence spectra, and Commission International de I'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates. It is found that the charge compensator Na⁺ plays an important role in modifying the emission spectral profiles of Dy and Eu ions in the phosphors. The ratio of the emission located at the yellow wavelength portion to that located at the blue wavelength region of the Dy³⁺ ions can be apparently tuned by changing the Na⁺ content. The luminescence intensity of the phosphors can be enhanced with introducing Na⁺ ions as well. The emission colors of Dy/Eu codoped phosphors change from blue to white and successfully acquire the superior white light emission (x = 0.330, y = 0.329) by appropriately tuning the Na⁺/Dy³⁺ content and the excitation wavelength. The energy transfer process from Eu²⁺ to Dy³⁺ and Eu³⁺ occurs in the Dy/Eu codoped phosphors, providing a further approach to modify the emission spectral profile of the examined phosphors. The phosphors presented here have promising applications in the fields of light‐emitting diodes.     

Complex Interactions among Sheep,Insects, Grass,and Fungi in a Simple New Zealand Grazing System

Epichloë fungi (Ascomycota) live within aboveground tissues of grasses and can have important implications for natural and managed ecosystems through production of alkaloids. Nonetheless, vertebrate herbivores may possess traits, like oral secretions, that mitigate effects of alkaloids. We tested if sheep saliva mitigates effects of Epichloë alkaloids on a beetle pest of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in a New Zealand pasture setting. Plants with one of several fungal isolates were clipped with scissors, grazed by sheep, or clipped with sheep saliva applied to cut ends of stems. We then assessed feeding damage by Argentine stem weevils on blade segments collected from experimental plants. We found that clipping plants induced synthesis of an alkaloid that reduces feeding by beetles and that sheep saliva mitigates this effect. Unexpectedly, the alkaloid (perloline) that explains variation in beetle feeding is one produced not by the endophyte, but rather by the plant. Yet, these effects depended upon fungal isolate. Such indirect, complex interactions may be much more common in both managed and natural grassland systems than typically thought and could have implications for managing grazing systems.     

Facile preparation of highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles supported on heteroatom-containing porous carbon nanospheres and their catalytic properties for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol

Heteroatom-containing porous carbon nanospheres with a high surface area were firstly fabricated by pyrolysis of poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol) (PZS) nanospheres which were fabricated by a facile polycondensation between hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and 4,4′-sulfonydiphenol. Then the porous carbon nanosphere-supported Pt nanoparticles (Pt NPs@C-PZS) were synthesized by a simple microwave reduction method, during which Pt NPs were highly dispersed on the surface of carbon supports. The surface morphologies and chemical composition of the as-obtained C-PZS and Pt NPs@C-PZS nanocomposites were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. Characterization results showed that the Pt NPs with an average diameter of 2 nm was well anchored onto the surface of C-PZS nanospheres. In addition, the as-prepared Pt NPs@C-PZS nanocomposites exhibited an excellent catalytic capability towards the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol by excessive sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) at room temperature.     

电池组电性能检测自动化操作系统

研制了满足某种特殊要求的电池组.要准确了解该电池组的电性能就必须对电池组放电过程中的负载量实施精确控制,该负载量不是恒定不变的,而是随时间出现不规则变化.以前均是由多人手工扳动开关、密切配合来实现,其控制精度不高.本工作采用GP IB专用接口,运用Borland C+十语言编程,对整个放电过程实施程序控制.该操作系统可以对电池组放电过程的负载变化进行预置,然后系统自动按照预置进行电池组电性能检测的全过程控制,并对全过程实施监测,达到数据(或图形)的自动采集,实时显示,以及数据的存储和处理,最终形成按用户要求打印的性能测试表格.     

SF_6-CO_2混合气体火花放电分解产物的气相色谱分析

采用气相色谱仪,利用热导检测器(TCD)与火焰光度检测器(FPD)串联检测法。定性和定量地分析了SF_6以及SF_6-空气、SF_6-CO_2、SF_6-N_2混合气体火花放电后的分解产物,并讨论了放电分解产物的形成机理。     

融合节点信誉度和路径跳数的WSNs虫洞攻击检测策略

为抵御无线传感器网络中的虫洞攻击,提高网络性能.本文根据虫洞攻击下节点邻居数目出现的异常情况,对邻居数目超出阈值的可疑节点进行筛选,然后令其专有邻居集中的节点相互通信,记录路径跳数,将跳数超出虫洞阈值的路径标记为待测路径;借助贝叶斯信誉模型计算该待测路径上中间节点的直接信任值,并结合邻居数目、处理延时、节点能量、包转发...