Solution of the radiative integral transfer equations in rectangular participating and isotropically scattering inhomogeneous medium

Radiative integral transfer equations for a rectangular participating and isotropically scattering inhomogeneous medium are solved numerically for the incident energy and the net partial heat fluxes using the method of “subtraction of singularity”. All the relevant single (surface integrals) and double integrals (volume integrals) are carried out analytically to reduce the computation time and numerical integration errors. The resulting system of linear equations are solved iteratively. A benchmark problem is chosen as a rectangular inhomogeneous cold participating medium which is subject to externally uniform diffuse radiation on the bottom surface. Solutions for linearly and quadratically varying scattering albedos are provided in tabular form.     

Surveying the extent of involvement in online academic dishonesty (e-dishonesty) related practices among university students and the rationale students provide: One university’s experience

This study reports data from a Midwestern university, investigating the extent of involvement in online academic dishonesty practices (e-dishonesty) among students and the rationale they provided. Involvement in and rationale for e-dishonesty was studied across individual variables including academic level, primary field of study, taking the university’s academic integrity tutorial, and taking online and hybrid courses. A total of 1153 students participated in the study by completing a 44 item questionnaire. The findings indicate that the extent of involvement in e-dishonesty practices was significantly greater among freshmen than graduate students in most of the subscales of the survey. In addition, the primary field of study demonstrated a significant relationship between involvement in e-dishonesty and the rationale for e-dishonesty. Students in education and the social sciences reported of the least involvement in e-dishonesty; engineering and physical sciences the most. Completing the university’s academic integrity tutorial did not significantly affect e-dishonesty practices while taking online or hybrid courses had some significant effect on e-dishonesty. The results highlight the need for early intervention concerning academic integrity followed by an ongoing and consistent effort throughout students’ undergraduate and graduate experience.     

The analysis of discrete artificial bee colony algorithm with neighborhood operator on traveling salesman problem

The artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, inspired intelligent behaviors of real honey bee colonies, was introduced by Karabo?a for numerical function optimization. The basic ABC has high performance and accuracy, if the solution space of the problem is continuous. But when the solution space of the problem is discrete, the basic ABC algorithm should be modified to solve this class optimization problem. In this study, we focused on analysis of discrete ABC with neighborhood operator for well-known traveling salesman problem and different discrete neighborhood operators are replaced with solution updating equations of the basic ABC. Experimental computations show that the promising results are obtained by the discrete version of the basic ABC and which neighborhood operator is better than the others. Also, the results obtained by discrete ABC were enriched with 2- and 3-opt heuristic approaches in order to increase quality of the solutions.     

Circularly polarized 1 × 4 square slot array antenna by utilizing compacted modified butler matrix and branch line coupler

Circularly polarized (CP), beam steering antennas are preferred to reduce the disruptive effects such as multi‐path fading and co‐channel interference in wireless communications systems. Nowadays, intensive studies have been carried out not only on the specific antenna array design but also their feeding networks to achieve circular polarization and beam steering characteristics. A compact broadband CP antenna array with a low loss feed network design is aimed in this work. To improve impedance and CP bandwidth, a feed network with modified Butler matrix and a compact ultra‐wideband square slot antenna element are designed. With this novel design, more than 3 GHz axial ratio BW is achieved. In this study, a broadband meander line compact double box coupler with impedance bandwidth over 4.8‐7 GHz frequency and the phase error less than 3° is used. Also the measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed beam steering array antenna is 60% (from 4.2 to 7.8 GHz). The minimum 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth between ports, support 4.6–6.8 GHz frequency range. The measured peak gain of the proposed array antenna is 8.9 dBic that could scan solid angle about ～91 degree. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 26:146–153, 2016.     

Natural language watermarking via morphosyntactic alterations

We develop a morphosyntax-based natural language watermarking scheme. In this scheme, a text is first transformed into a syntactic tree diagram where the hierarchies and the functional dependencies are made explicit. The watermarking software then operates on the sentences in syntax tree format and executes binary changes under control of Wordnet and Dictionary to avoid semantic drops. A certain level of security is provided via key-controlled randomization of morphosyntactic tools and the insertion of void watermark. The security aspects and payload aspects are evaluated statistically while the imperceptibility is measured using edit-hit counts based on human judgments. It is observed that agglutinative languages are somewhat more amenable to morphosyntax-based natural language watermarking and the free word order property of a language, like Turkish, is an extra bonus.     

The effect of different radiation sources for the UV curing of a screen‐printed,water‐based polyurethane acrylate binder

In this paper, titanium‐dioxide‐pigmented printing pastes of water‐borne, UV‐curable polyurethane acrylate binder with two different UV‐curing photoinitiator combinations were prepared and screen printed on a black t‐shirt fabric. The effects of mercury and gallium radiation sources employed either singly or in combination for UV curing and the total energy level on the printing performance were investigated. The cured textile samples were subjected to colour measurements before and after five cycles of washing, and hiding power and changes in chromacity, hue, and colour were determined. Single‐lamp applications of mercury and gallium were not satisfactory, and opaque pigment hindered deep curing, especially at thicker coating levels. It was found that employment of a mercury–gallium lamp system applying an irradiation at medium level can provide pigment printing of opaque white inks with excellent coverage, washing resistance, and medium hardness.