Chemostat and total cell retention cultures with internal filter system ofSaecharomyc.es cerevisiae H1-7 were carried out to produce ethanol from wood hydrolysate. Maximum ethanol productivity obtained in a chemostat with
the aeration rate of 1 vvm was 3.79 g/(L·h). This was 20% higher than that in a chemostat without aeration. However, the substrate
was not completely consumed at the dilution rate with the maximum productivity. The realistic productivity, which has higher
than 99% conversion rate of substrate, was. 2.95 g/(L·h). The maximum productivity in the total cell retention culture was
6.65 g/(L·h) at the dilution rate of 0.19 h1 and the residual glucose concentration was negligible. 相似文献
Because of the rapid growth in urbanization over recent decades, urban aquatic ecosystems have been subjected to unprecedented threats and challenges. In this study, we visited 48 sites, of which 14 were reservoir sites, in water bodies in Jinan, China, on six occasions in May, August, and October of 2014 and 2015. We sampled fish, macroinvertebrates, and phytoplankton assemblages and physicochemical factors at each site. We used the richness and diversity of fish, macroinvertebrates, and phytoplankton to evaluate the condition of the aquatic ecosystems of the river sites. We also evaluated the water quality of the reservoir sites using the physicochemical factors of the State Environmental Protection Administration of China. We classified the results into five levels—excellent, good, moderate, poor, and bad—with the comprehensive evaluation index (CEI). More than 40% of the sampling sites were in either poor or bad condition. Nearly half of the excellent or good sites were in the south of Jinan. The CEI was significantly different between the reference and impaired sites; it was significantly and positively correlated with the qualitative habitat evaluation index and was significantly and negatively correlated with conductivity, total alkalinity, and ammonia nitrogen. 相似文献
Multimedia Tools and Applications - New mobile applications need to estimate user activities by using sensor data provided by smart wearable devices and deliver context-aware solutions to users... 相似文献
Numerous visual notations are present in technical and business domains. Notations have to be cognitively effective to ease the planning, documentation, and communication of the domains’ concepts. Semantic transparency (ST) is one of the elementary principles that influence notations’ cognitive effectiveness. However, the principle is criticized for not being well defined and challenges arise in the evaluations and applications of ST. Accordingly, this research’s objectives were to answer how the ST principle is defined, operationalized, and evaluated in present notations as well as applied in the design of new notations in ICT and related areas. To meet these objectives, a systematic literature review was conducted with 94 studies passing the selection process criteria. The results reject one of the three aspects, which define semantic transparency, namely “ST is achieved with the use of icons.” Besides, taxonomies of related concepts and research methods, evaluation metrics, and other findings from this study can help to conduct verifiable ST-related experiments and applications, consequently improving the visual vocabularies of notations and effectiveness of the resulting diagrams.
Intelligent Service Robotics - Walking robots are considered as a promising solution for locomotion across irregular or rough terrain. While wheeled or tracked robots require flat surface like... 相似文献
Ce3+/Tb3+ co-doped NaMgBO3 phosphors were successfully synthesized by solid-state method. Under 381 nm excitation, the cyan emission owing to the 5d → 4f of Ce3+ ions and green emissions arising from the 5D4 → 7FJ (J = 6, 5, 4, and 3) transitions of Tb3+ ions were seen in all the phosphors. Through theoretical analysis, one knows that the energy transfer from Ce3+ to Tb3+ ions with high efficiency of 83.74% was contributed by dipole–dipole transition. Furthermore, the internal quantum efficiency of NaMgBO3:0.01Ce3+,0.03Tb3+ phosphor was 54.28%. Compared with that of at 303 K, the emission intensity of the developed products at 423 K still kept 73%, revealing the splendid thermal stability of the studied phosphors. Through utilizing the resultant phosphors as cyan-green components, the fabricated white-LED device exhibited an excellent correlated color temperature of 2785 K, high color-rendering index of 85.73, suitable luminance efficiency of 25.00 lm/W, and appropriate color coordinate of (0.4279, 0.3617). Aside from the superior photoluminescence, the synthesized phosphors also exhibited excellent cathode-luminescence properties which were sensitive to the current and accelerating voltage. Furthermore, the NaMgBO3:0.01Ce3+,0.03Tb3+ phosphors with multi-mode emissions were promising candidates for optical anti-counterfeiting. All the results indicated that the Ce3+/Tb3+ co-doped NaMgBO3 phosphors were potential multi-platforms toward white-LED, field emission displays, and optical anti-counterfeiting applications. 相似文献
Two kinds of bio-based polyurethane coatings for controlled-release urea were prepared by in-situ polymerization used castor oil and liquefied starch as raw materials, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the section morphology of castor oil based polyurethane (Castor-PU) coating was uniform and dense, and that of liquefied starch based polyurethane (Starch-PU) coating had certain proportion of microporous. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) showed that the two coatings had typical urethane characteristic structure, but the difference was that the Starch-PU had obvious unreacted isocyanate structure. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the glass transition temperature of the two coatings was around 58°C, but the Castor-PU had a crystallization domain with obvious crystallization melting peak at 130°C. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG) showed that the thermal stability of Castor-PU was significantly higher than that of Starch-PU. The controlled-release property test showed that when the coating ratio was 2.8%, the nutrient release longevity of urea coated with Castor-PU was 49 days and that of urea coated with Starch-PU was 14 days. The reasons for the poor controlled-release performance of Starch-PU were analyzed, which probably caused by concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrophilic dispersant added in the liquefied starch. 相似文献