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61.
62.
Coating of 0.65Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–0.35PbTiO3 (PMN–PT) relaxor ferroelectrics by a sol–gel method is followed by growth of epitaxial SrRuO3 (SRO) metallic oxide electrodes on SrTiO3 (STO) single-crystal substrate by pulsed laser deposition. High-quality PMN–PT films on SRO with preferred growth orientation were successfully fabricated by controlling the operation parameters. Structural properties of relaxor ferroelectric PMN–PT thin films on SRO/STO substrates have been studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In-plane and out-of-plane alignments of the heterostructure are confirmed and the structural twinning of the materials are also revealed. 相似文献
63.
Tanja Kolli Katariina Rahkamaa-Tolonen Ulla Lassi Auli Savimki Riitta L. Keiski 《Catalysis Today》2005,100(3-4):303-307
In this study, Pd/Al2O3 and Pd/BaO/Al2O3 metallic monoliths were used to investigate the effect of BaO in C2H4 and CO oxidation as well as in NO reduction. A FT-IR gas analyser was used to study the activity of the catalysts. Several activity experiments carried out with dissimilar feedstreams revealed that BaO enhances CO and C2H4 oxidation as well as NO reduction reactions in rich conditions. This effect is due to BaO, which causes a decrease in the ethene poisoning of palladium. In lean conditions BaO is present in the form of Ba(OH)2 which reacts with oxidised NO releasing water. Therefore, NO was stored during the lean reaction. 相似文献
64.
65.
Scaffold‐guided tissue engineering based on synthetic and natural occurring polymers has gained many interests in recent year. In this study, the development of a chitosan‐heparin artificial extracellular matrix (AECM) is reported. Three‐dimensional, macroporous composite AECMs composed of heparin (Hep) and chitosan (Chito) were prepared by an interpolyelectrolyte complex/lyophilization method. The Chito‐Hep composite AECMs were, respectively, crosslinked with glutaraldehyde, as well as cocrosslinked with N,N‐(3‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐N′‐ethyl carbodiimide (EDC/NHS) and N‐hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). The crosslinking reactions were examined by FT‐IR analysis. In physiological buffer solution (PBS), the EDC/NHS‐crosslinked Chito‐Hep composite AECM showed a relative lower water retention ratio than its glutaraldehyde‐crosslinked counterparts. The EDC/NHS‐crosslinked Chito‐Hep composite AECMs showed excellent biocompatibility, according to the results of the in vitro cytotoxic test. This result suggested that the EDC/NHS‐crosslinked Chito‐Hep composite AECMs might be a potential biomaterial for scaffold‐guided tissue engineering applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
66.
OBJECTIVE: To know the variability in the interpretation (normal/pathological) of posteroanterior view chest radiograph and the associated factors between a medical primary care community and a Gold Standard (GS) from 3 reference radiologists. DESIGN: Crossover study. SETTING: Primary care. Teaching health centers of Elche. METHODS: Interobserver percentage agreement (IPA) and Kappa statistic (K) were used to analyse the interobserver agreement (IA) between the GS and every of the participants in interpretation of 100 radiographs. Intraobserver variability was assessed with a second review. Using uni and multivariant analysis some possibly associated factors were studied. RESULTS: Overall IPA and K were 71.3% (CI 95%: 69.2-73.3) and 0.41 (CI 95%: 0.36-0.46) respectively. Time employed in radiographs reading and time passed after medicine studies finished were independently and significantly associated to higher and lower interobserver agreement results respectively, whereas recent professional experience, permanent job and age were not associated. Professional training is the variable that most explain the inter and intraobserver variability. CONCLUSIONS: Overall IA is acceptable. The IA showed by the participants trained under the MIR system is good but the IA achieved by the rest of participants is not acceptable. It is necessary a training which increase the clinical competence, as it does MIR training. 相似文献
67.
In the early eighties, at the Boris Kidrich Institute Vincha, a method for measuring specific heat and electrical resistivity of electrical conductors in the millisecond resolution range was developed for measurements from room temperature to 1900 K. Over a period of nearly 10 years, the method was applied to different materials, including pure metals, ferrous, and nickel/ chromium alloys, and to the characterization of candidate materials for thermophysical property reference standards. This paper describes the method and reviews the results obtained in specific heat and electrical resistivity studies of ferromagnetic and other materials. The paper also demonstrates capabilities of the method for describing phase transitions or anomalies in pure metals (Fe, Co, Ni) or alloys (Nichrome, austenitic stainless steel).Paper presented at the Second Workshop on Subsecond Thermophysics, September 20–21, 1990, Torino, Italy. 相似文献
68.
The inhibiting action of N-arylpyrroles on aluminium in 0.17 mol dm–3 hydrochloric acid solution, in the temperature range 20–60 °C, was studied using potentiodynamic and electrochemical impedence spectroscopy techniques. The inhibiting efficiency of both investigated compounds 1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2,5-dimethylpyrrole (compound A) and 1-(2-fluorophenyl)-2,5-dimethylpyrrole-3-carbaldehyde (compound B) slightly increases with increasing temperature of the corrosive solution. Inhibitor adsorption on the elecrode surface decreases the apparent activation energy of the hydrogen evolution reaction. Compound A follows the Temkin adsorption isotherm, while its carbaldehyde derivative follows the Langmuir isotherm. The results of the apparent energy of activation and the standard free energy of adsorption point to stronger chemisorption of the compound A. However, due to additional condensation of molecules with carbaldehyde groups on the electrode surface, the carbaldehyde derivative exhibits even better inhibiting efficiency than compound A. The kinetic corrosion parameters, analysed in terms of the impedance data, show a satisfactory agreement with those obtained by the potentiodynamic method. 相似文献
69.
ZT Lalowicz M Punkkinen AH Vuorim?ki EE Ylinen A Detken LP Ingman 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,8(2):89-107
Expressions are derived for the initial relaxation rate 1/T1 of protons and deuterons of nontunnelling NH4 and ND4 groups reorienting about various symmetry axes in solids. The reorientation rates are modified by a trigonal, tetragonal or monoclinic distortion of the predominantly cubic hindering potential. When the rates differ sufficiently from each other, two T1 minima are observed with a characteristic ratio. Experiments were performed in NH4VO3, (NH4)2S2O8, (NH4)2PtCl4, and their deuterated modifications, which all exhibit two T1 minima. In NH4VO3 and ND4VO3 the relaxation and spectral data agree rather well with the model of trigonal distortion. Also (NH4)2S2O8 has a preferred threefold axis but there, the large tunnel splitting of protons has to be taken into account before an agreement is reached. All the purely reorientational models fail with (NH4)2PtCl4, where, instead, the ammonium groups are proposed to be ordered into domains at low temperatures. The groups inside the domains and boundary regions give rise to the high- and low-temperature T1 minima, respectively. The boundaries are also believed to give rise to the narrow component in the deuteron spectrum at low temperatures. Evidence for a proton tunnelling frequency of 32 MHz is found in (NH4)2PtCl4. 相似文献
70.
New inclusion methods for the simultaneous determination of the zeros of algebraic, exponential and trigonometric polynomials are presented. These methods are realized in real interval arithmetic and do not use any derivatives. Using Weierstrass' correction some modified methods with the increased convergence rate are constructed. Convergence analysis and numerical example are included. 相似文献