Cross-Border Migration of Hong Kong Residents Under the 'One Country, Two Systems' Policy

Hong Kong is known as a migrant city because its population was sourced from mainland China, and because there has always been outflows of people to overseas countries, especially from the mid-1980s to mid-1990s. Emigration to mainland China has become a significant recent trend. This article discusses this phenomenon in the theoretical contexts of migration and trans-border residential development. It contends that the trend will intensify more quickly than other cross-border movements because the two systems are separated by a political border within one country, and because there are common cultural ties and rapid economic integration.     

Exergoeconomic analysis and evaluation of energy-conversion plants—I. A new general methodology

A new approach to the combination of exergetic and economic analysis (exergoeconomic analysis) for the investigation of energy-conversion processes is presented. This approach allows the monetary evaluation of costs caused by irreversibilities (exergy losses), as well as comparisons between these costs and the investment and operating costs for each component of a plant. The present analysis permits identification and evaluation of inefficiencies in an energy-conversion plant and of opportunities for improvement.     

Demonstration of Sustainable Development of Groundwater through Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR)

Water Resources Management - Sustained pumping of groundwater can lead to declining water levels in wellfields and concerns regarding the sustainability of groundwater resources. Aquifer Storage...     

Superfluids in confined geometries: Fourth sound and other modes

The hydrodynamics of superfluids in confined geometries (capillaries, porous media, etc.) is investigated theoretically. Hydrodynamic equations are derived. The mode structure is calculated, i.e., explicit expressions for the dispersion relationsq=q() are given. Experimental applications for⁴He-II and superfluid³He are discussed.     

On finding optimal and near-optimal lineal spanning trees

The search for good lineal, or depth-first, spanning trees is an important aspect in the implementation of a wide assortment of graph algorithms. We consider the complexity of findingoptimal lineal spanning trees under various notions of optimality. In particular, we show that several natural problems, such as constructing a shortest or a tallest lineal tree, are NP-hard. We also address the issue of polynomial-time, near-optimization strategies for these difficult problems, showing that efficient absolute approximation algorithms cannot exist unlessP = NP.     

Production of high-alumina cement clinker by fusion in an electric furnace

Conclusions The possibility of obtaining clinker from high-alumina cement by melting a mixture of lime and technical alumina in an electric-arc furnace at the Klyuchevsk Ferroalloy Plant has been shown.The high-alumina cement obtained from fused clinker is significantly better in its physicochemical properties than the cement produced on the basis of the lime-alumina slags from the ferroalloy industry.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 5, pp. 25–27, May, 1984.     

Palmqvist Crack Extension and the Center-Loaded Penny Crack Analogy

Palmqvist crack extension in WC-Co can be described using the center-loaded penny crack analogy. When Palmqvist cracks are represented by semicircles of diameter l (l=crack length measured from an impression corner), the stress intensity factor which controls crack extension differs from that of a half-penny crack of radius l+a (2a = impression size) by only a slowly varying factor m=2^1/2 (l/a)^1/2; m≅1.0 to 2.4 for WC-Co and m≅0.8 to 1.4 for ceramics.     

Sintering TiO2 in HCl Atmospheres

TiO₂ was sintered in HCl atmospheres to enhance the effects of vapor transport. Little or no densification is observed for temperatures between 1000° and 1300°C. Particle coarsening occurs at temperatures above 1200°C. The apparent activation energy for particle growth is 114 kJ/mol. It is concluded that the primary mass-transport mechanism is vapor transport while the particle growth rate is limited by grain-boundary mobility .