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71.
Mike Livesey 《International journal of parallel programming》1991,20(1):55-74
We consider two algorithms for the barrier synchronization ofN processes: the Dissemination algorithm(2) and Brooks algorithm.(1,2) Both algorithms comprise a number of binary communications amongst the processes, organized into a sequence of stages. It is shown that Brooks' algorithm(1) requires between LogN(log2
N) and 2 LogN stages, the lower bound being guaranteed only in the case thatN is a power of 2 (cubic) and the upper bound seemingly needed for most otherN. On the other hand, it is shown(2) that the Dissemination algorithm requires only LogN stages regardless ofN, making it apparently superior to the Brooks algorithm. We introduce a network model of local barrier algorithms. Using it we obtain a rigorous correctness proof for local barrier algorithms, and show that the number of stages in the Brooks algorithm is bounded above by LogN+1. The Brooks algorithms is therefore essentially equivalent in time complexity to the Dissemination algorithm. We then address the question of which values ofN admit exactly LogN Brooks stages. We find a sufficient condition, and conjecture that it is also necessary. 相似文献
72.
M. C. Freeman G. R. Buell L. E. Hay W. B. Hughes R. B. Jacobson J. W. Jones S. A. Jones J. H. Lafontaine K. R. Odom J. T. Peterson J. W. Riley J. S. Schindler C. Shea J. D. Weaver 《河流研究与利用》2013,29(7):906-918
Efforts to conserve stream and river biota could benefit from tools that allow managers to evaluate landscape‐scale changes in species distributions in response to water management decisions. We present a framework and methods for integrating hydrology, geographic context and metapopulation processes to simulate effects of changes in streamflow on fish occupancy dynamics across a landscape of interconnected stream segments. We illustrate this approach using a 482 km2 catchment in the southeastern US supporting 50 or more stream fish species. A spatially distributed, deterministic and physically based hydrologic model is used to simulate daily streamflow for sub‐basins composing the catchment. We use geographic data to characterize stream segments with respect to channel size, confinement, position and connectedness within the stream network. Simulated streamflow dynamics are then applied to model fish metapopulation dynamics in stream segments, using hypothesized effects of streamflow magnitude and variability on population processes, conditioned by channel characteristics. The resulting time series simulate spatially explicit, annual changes in species occurrences or assemblage metrics (e.g. species richness) across the catchment as outcomes of management scenarios. Sensitivity analyses using alternative, plausible links between streamflow components and metapopulation processes, or allowing for alternative modes of fish dispersal, demonstrate large effects of ecological uncertainty on model outcomes and highlight needed research and monitoring. Nonetheless, with uncertainties explicitly acknowledged, dynamic, landscape‐scale simulations may prove useful for quantitatively comparing river management alternatives with respect to species conservation. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. 相似文献
73.
Christian Bur Peter Reimann Mike Andersson Anita Lloyd Spetz Andreas Schütze 《Microsystem Technologies》2012,18(7-8):1015-1025
A silicon carbide based enhancement type metal insulator field effect transistor with porous gate metallization has been investigated as a total NO x sensor operated in a temperature cycling mode. This operating mode is quite new for gas sensors based on the field effect but promising results have been reported earlier. Based on static investigations we have developed a suitable T-cycle optimized for NO x detection and quantification in a mixture of typical exhaust gases (CO, C2H4, and NH3). Significant features describing the shape of the sensor response have been extracted and evaluated with multivariate statistics (e.g. linear discriminant analysis) allowing quantification of NO x . Additional cleaning-cycles every 30?min improve the stability of the sensor further. With this kind of advanced signal processing the influence of sensor drift and cross sensitivity to ambient gases can be reduced effectively. Measurements have proven that different concentrations of NO x can be detected even in a changing mixture of other typical exhaust gases under dry and humid conditions. In addition to that, unknown concentrations of NO x can be detected based on a small set of training data. It can be concluded that the performance of GasFETs for NO x determination can be enhanced considerably with temperature cycling and appropriate signal processing. 相似文献
74.
Haixue Yan Hongtao Zhang Rick Ubic Mike Reece Jing Liu Zhijian Shen 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2006,17(9):657-661
Grain-oriented Aurivillius phase BaBi2Nb2 O9 ceramics were fabricated using Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). Their relaxor behaviour was confirmed by a strong frequency
dispersion of the dielectric response. The dielectric behaviour has been fitted using different relaxor models. The relaxor
parameters are isotropic, while the dielectric constants are highly anisotropic. The piezoelectric constant d
33 is zero perpendicular and parallel to the hot pressing direction, and the P–E response is dominated by losses. The inability to pole the samples at room temperature is consistent with the T
f temperature (∼
∼115 K) estimated from fitting the experimental data to the Vogel–Fulcher model. This suggests that it may be possible to
observe piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties at very low temperatures. 相似文献
75.
Halari Rozmin; Hines Melissa; Kumari Veena; Mehrotra Ravi; Wheeler Mike; Ng Virginia; Sharma Tonmoy 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2005,119(1):104
Sexually dimorphic cognitive performance in men (n=42) and women (n=42) was related to testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and sex hormone binding globulin, measured in 10-ml blood samples collected between 0900 and 1030 and, among women, during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Significant sex differences favored men on spatial tasks (Mental Rotation and Judgment of Line Orientation) and on an inhibition task and favored women on a verbal task (category fluency). However, there were no significant relationships between any of the hormones and cognitive performance, suggesting that there are few, if any, consistent, substantial relationships between endogenous, nonfluctuating levels of gonadal hormones or gonadotropins and these cognitive abilities in men or women. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
76.
Lutz Wolfgang; Leach Chris; Barkham Michael; Lucock Mike; Stiles William B.; Evans Chris; Noble Rachael; Iveson Steve 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2005,73(5):904
This study extended client-focused research by using the nearest neighbor (NN) approach, a client-specific sampling and prediction strategy derived from research on alpine avalanches. Psychotherapy clients (N = 203) seen in routine practice settings in the United Kingdom completed a battery of intake measures and then completed symptom intensity ratings before each session. Forecasts of each client's rate of change and session-by-session variability were computed on the basis of that client's NNs (n = 10-50 in different comparisons). Alternative forecasts used linear or log-linear slopes and were compared with an alternative prediction strategy. Results showed that the NN approach was superior to the alternative model in predicting rate of change, though the advantage was less clear for predicting variability. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
77.
Weaver Kathryn E.; Llabre María M.; Durán Ron E.; Antoni Michael H.; Ironson Gail; Penedo Frank J.; Schneiderman Neil 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2005,24(4):385
The authors tested a structural model that incorporated age, time since diagnosis, social support, coping, and negative mood as predictors of medication adherence and HIV viral load on 188 men and 134 women on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The authors used psychosocial latent factors formed from baseline measures to predict latent factors of adherence, as assessed by electronic monitoring and self-report, and viral load defined by indicators assessed over a 15-month period. Results from the model indicate that greater negative mood and lower social support are related to greater use of avoidance-oriented coping strategies. Use of these coping strategies by patients on HAART is related to poorer medication adherence and, subsequently, higher viral load. This model advances researchers' understanding of the contribution of psychosocial variables in predicting treatment adherence and disease progression in HIV-positive men and women. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
78.
D. Kisailus M. Najarian J.C. Weaver D.E. Morse 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2005,17(10)
A system that acts as a biomimetic of the silica‐synthesizing enzyme found in a marine sponge is reported by Morse and co‐workers on p. 1234. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are functionalized with the same organic moieties that are found in the enzyme's catalytic site. Interaction between the nucleophilic (OH‐terminated) and hydrogen‐bonding (imidazole‐terminated) GNPs, as shown on the cover, is required for the hydrolysis of a silicon alkoxide precursor and subsequent polycondensation to form silica at a low temperature and near‐neutral pH. Replacement of either of the required functional groups by a non‐reactive methyl group abolishes catalysis in this synthetic system, as it does in the biological enzyme. Cover art provided by Peter Allen. 相似文献
79.
Although many link patterns have been identified at the university level, departmental interlinking has been relatively ignored.
Universities are multidisciplinary by nature and various disciplines may employ the Web differently, thus patterns identified
at the university level may hide subject differences. Departments are typically subject-oriented, and departmental interlinking
may therefore illustrate interesting disciplinary linking patterns, perhaps relating to informal scholarly communication.
The aim of this paper is to identify whether and how link patterns differ along country and disciplinary lines between similar
disciplines and similar countries. Physics, Chemistry and Biology departments in Australia, Canada and the UK have been chosen.
In order to get a holistic picture of departments' Web use profiles and link patterns, five different perspectives are identified
and compared for each set of departments. Differences in link patterns are identified along both national and disciplinary
lines, and are found to reflect offline phenomena. Along national lines, a likely explanation for the difference is that countries
with better research performances make more general use of the Web; and, with respect to international peer interlinking,
countries that share more scholarly communication tend to interlink more with each other. Along disciplinary lines, it seems
that departments from disciplines which are more willing to distribute their research outputs tend to make more general use
of the Web, and also interlink more with their national and international peers. 相似文献
80.
Interference in neural networks occurs when learning in one area of the input space causes unlearning in another area. Networks that are less susceptible to interference are referred to as spatially local networks. To obtain a better understanding of these properties, a theoretical framework, consisting of a measure of interference and a measure of network localization, is developed. These measures incorporate not only the network weights and architecture but also the learning algorithm. Using this framework to analyze sigmoidal, multilayer perceptron (MLP) networks that employ the backpropagation learning algorithm on the quadratic cost function, we address a familiar misconception that single-hidden-layer sigmoidal networks are inherently nonlocal by demonstrating that given a sufficiently large number of adjustable weights, single-hidden-layer sigmoidal MLPs exist that are arbitrarily local and retain the ability to approximate any continuous function on a compact domain. 相似文献