基于负载随机性的互联网络链路流量识别方法

针对当前互联网络链路流量识别方法未考虑数据块类别,导致互联网络链路流量识别准确性和效率较低,流量识别误报率和漏报率较高的问题,提出基于负载随机性的互联网络链路流量识别方法.利用数据包负载随机性检测方法,判断网络数据流中数据块负载随机性类别.将判断结果作为机器学习方法的已标注数据集,提取数据流特征属性构成样本集合,采用ID3算法,训练分析该样本集合,寻找数据间规律,构建分类模型,通过分类模型预测和评估未知数据流量,实现互联网络链路流量识别.实验结果表明,上述方法识别不同类型流量的漏报率和误报率较低,具有较强的识别可靠性,识别时间较短,能够有效提高识别准确性和效率.     

STEM视野下小学机器人教育的特点及启示

机器人与编程教学有助于充分整合STEM学科知识,帮助培养学习者适应未来发展的技术和创新能力。目前我国中小学各阶段的机器人与编程的教学尚无相关课程标准和指导性教材,缺乏专业的校内师资队伍。梳理并提炼了国外中小学阶段STEM教育理念下机器人教育课程中教育形式,探究并重点分析其课堂教育的特征、教学形式、课程设置以及课例设计要素,以期为青少年机器人教学的课例设计提供启示和借鉴,为市场紧缺的机器人教育与编程专业人才的培养提供思路。     

Method of Noise-Robust Estimation of Parameters of an Autoregressive Model in the Frequency Domain

The article considers the problem of estimating the parameters of the autoregressive (AR) signal in the presence of background noise. Based on the frequency representation of the AR signal, a technique of calculating the likelihood function of the AR parameters is shown and the implementation of the Expectation-Maximization method for iterative evaluation of the AR parameters is considered. Analysis of different measures of distortion of speech signals shows that the proposed approaches in the frequency domain have the same accuracy as the corresponding approaches in the time domain, but are characterized by significantly lower computing costs.

     

卡尔曼滤波算法在MEMS热式风速风向传感器中的应用

针对MEMS热式风速风向传感器在实际使用过程中因噪声问题导致输出不稳定的现象,本文首次采用了卡尔曼(Kalman)滤波算法对本征白噪声进行滤波处理,从而优化传感器的输出性能.本文分别通过理论分析和仿真模拟证明了Kalman滤波算法的可行性.实验结果表明,通过调节相关参数,Kalman滤波算法在滤波效果、响应速度及误差上均优于传统的加权滑动均值滤波算法.除此之外,在消耗较少资源的前提下,Kalman滤波算法可以有效减少本征白噪声的干扰,且调节空间较大,可以适应不同的应用需求.     

新工科背景下应用型本科专业建设的研究与实践

文章针对新工科背景下应用型本科高校学生培养方面的缺失,采用产教城深度融合的形式,从专业人才培养目标、专业课程体系和课程教学设计三个方面开展了相应研究与实践,提出了以学生的实践能力为目标的人才培养方案、以学生的学习成果为中心的课程体系以及以激发学生的学习内驱力为方式的课程教学方式,从而达到培养具有扎实专业知识和交叉学科知识、自主学习能力和团队协作能力的复合型创新型工程技术人才.     

Isolation kernel: the X factor in efficient and effective large scale online kernel learning

Large scale online kernel learning aims to build an efficient and scalable kernel-based predictive model incrementally from a sequence of potentially infinite data points. Current state-of-the-art large scale online kernel learning focuses on improving efficiency. Two key approaches to gain efficiency through approximation are (1) limiting the number of support vectors, and (2) using an approximate feature map. They often employ a kernel with a feature map with intractable dimensionality. While these approaches can deal with large scale datasets efficiently, this outcome is achieved by compromising predictive accuracy because of the approximation. We offer an alternative approach that puts the kernel used at the heart of the approach. It focuses on creating a sparse and finite-dimensional feature map of a kernel called Isolation Kernel. Using this new approach, to achieve the above aim of large scale online kernel learning becomes extremely simple—simply use Isolation Kernel instead of a kernel having a feature map with intractable dimensionality. We show that, using Isolation Kernel, large scale online kernel learning can be achieved efficiently without sacrificing accuracy.

     

Guaranteeing performance for uncertain nonlinear systems with bounded state constraint and mismatching condition

The control design problem for the uncertain nonlinear system with bounded state constraint and mismatching condition is considered in this paper. The uncertainty in the system, which may be due to unknown system parameters and external disturbance, is nonlinear and time‐varying. The state of the system is constrained to be bounded. The system does not satisfy the (global) matching condition. A creative one‐to‐one state transformation is proposed by converting the bounded states into the unbounded ones. A step‐by‐step state transformation is proposed to convert the mismatched system into a matched system. The robust control is then proposed based on the transformed system. The control is demonstrated to be able to guarantee the uniform boundedness and uniform ultimate boundedness of the system in the presence of uncertainty, while the state constraint can be always guaranteed.     

Hierarchical inversion‐based output tracking control for uncertain autonomous underwater vehicles using extended Kalman filter

In this study, a hierarchical inversion‐based output tracking controller (HIOTC) is developed for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) subject to random uncertainties (e.g., current disturbances, unmodeled dynamics, and parameter variations) and noises (e.g., process and measurement noises). The proposed HIOTC respectively utilizes a combination of feedforward and feedback controls in a hierarchical structure based on the kinematic and dynamic models of the system. Moreover, to obtain uncontaminated or unavailable states for implementing the proposed control law, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) is employed to estimate the system states. Then, the position outputs, orientation, and velocity of the AUV are reached with guaranteed asymptotic stability. The robustness of the proposed HIOTC is verified through injection of random uncertainties into the system model. The closed‐loop stability of the proposed individual subsystems is respectively guaranteed to have uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) performance based on the Lyapunov stability criteria. In addition, the asymptotic tracking of the overall system is demonstrated using Barbalat's lemma. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme are evaluated through computer simulations and it is shown that the overall system achieves good asymptotic tracking performance.     

基于反演算法的严格反馈非线性系统固定时间跟踪控制

针对一类严格反馈非线性系统,研究固定时间跟踪控制问题.基于反演控制策略及Lyapunov稳定性理论,给出使系统全局固定时间稳定的充分条件和设计步骤.所提出的反演控制方案可以消除控制器存在的奇点问题,保证系统的跟踪误差在固定时间内收敛于原点的一个小邻域内,且收敛时间与系统的初始状态无关.最后,通过一个数值仿真示例验证了所提出设计方案的有效性.     

基于Haar-like和LBP的多特征融合目标检测算法

针对目标检测时Haar-like特征值过多、计算时间长、无法描述目标纹理特征且识别率一般的问题,提出一种基于滑窗原点信息的阈值自调节IHL(Improved Haar-like LBP)特征提取算法.该算法首先构造了 IHL特征编码方法,将Haar-like特征和局部二值LBP特征融合;然后在计算Haar-like型局部二值化特征时,使用高斯矩阵获得符合像素分布规律的自调节阈值;同时在求特征值时引入中心点像素信息,确保提取的特征值的合理性;最后使用AdaBoost训练得到级联分类器,将其载入系统,并在KITTI车辆数据集和INRIA Person行人数据集上进行实验测试.实验结果表明,该方法可在65s内识别1102个行人目标,在114.3s内识别1852个车辆目标,相比传统算法其可以明显加快目标识别的速度,对行人和车辆目标的识别率均可达到94％以上,其检测准确性相比其他方法也有显著提升.