Next Generation Wireless Mobile System Efficient, Fair, Class Based Packet Scheduling Algorithm

Efficient utilization of network resources is a key goal for emerging broadband wireless access systems (BWAS). This is a complex goal to achieve due to the heterogeneous service nature and diverse quality of service (QoS) requirements of various applications that BWAS support. Packet scheduling is an important activity that affects BWAS QoS outcomes. This paper proposes a novel packet scheduling mechanism that improves QoS in mobile wireless networks which exploit IP as a transport technology for data transfer between BWAS base stations and mobile users at the radio transmission layer. In order to improve BWAS QoS the new packet algorithm makes changes at both the IP and the radio layers. The new packet scheduling algorithm exploits handoff priority scheduling principles and takes into account buffer occupancy and channel conditions. The packet scheduling mechanism also incorporates the concept of fairness. Performance results were obtained by computer simulation and compared to the well known algorithms. Results show that by exploiting the new packet scheduling algorithm, the transport system is able to provide a low handoff packet drop rate, low packet forwarding rate, low packet delay and ensure fairness amongst the users of different services.     

Spread spectrum in three-phase inverter by an optimised dual randomised PWM technique

Randomised pulse width modulation (RPWM) technique has become a viable alternative to deterministic pulse width modulation (DPWM). By spreading the power spectrum in a continuous noise, this new technique better complies with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) requirements for conducted electromagnetic interferences (EMI) and allows reducing the emitted acoustic noise in variable speed drives (VSDs). The most popular RPWM schemes are randomised pulse position modulation (RPPM) and randomised carrier frequency modulation (RCFM). The combination (RCFM-RPPM) or dual RPWM (DRPWM) has also been proposed. In this article, we propose an optimised DRPWM (ODRPWM) for the three-phase inverter. First, the modulating principle is proposed, and then, a mathematical model of power spectral density (PSD) of the output voltage is developed and validated for the three schemes, namely RPPM, RCFM and RCFM-RPPM. PSD analysis shows that the proposed scheme is more effective on spreading PSD. Moreover, this analysis reveals optimal parameters of randomisation for a maximum spread of the PSD. The optimisation problem is then modelled and solved using two powerful non-linear methods.     

Spatially variant morphological restoration and skeleton representation.

The theory of spatially variant (SV) mathematical morphology is used to extend and analyze two important image processing applications: morphological image restoration and skeleton representation of binary images. For morphological image restoration, we propose the SV alternating sequential filters and SV median filters. We establish the relation of SV median filters to the basic SV morphological operators (i.e., SV erosions and SV dilations). For skeleton representation, we present a general framework for the SV morphological skeleton representation of binary images. We study the properties of the SV morphological skeleton representation and derive conditions for its invertibility. We also develop an algorithm for the implementation of the SV morphological skeleton representation of binary images. The latter algorithm is based on the optimal construction of the SV structuring element mapping designed to minimize the cardinality of the SV morphological skeleton representation. Experimental results show the dramatic improvement in the performance of the SV morphological restoration and SV morphological skeleton representation algorithms in comparison to their translation-invariant counterparts.     

Electromagnetic Modeling of Quasi‐Square Open Metallic Ring Frequency Selective Surface Using Wave Concept Iterative Procedure

The wave concept iterative procedure (WCIP) is used to analyze a quasi‐square open metallic ring frequency selective surface (FSS). The quasi‐square open metallic ring FSS is dual‐polarized. When the incident plane wave is polarized in a direction parallel to the FSS’ coupled parallel strips, it shows two rejecting bands. Moreover, another rejecting band can be obtained if the source plane wave is perpendicularly polarized with respect to the FSS’ coupled parallel strips. The three resonant frequencies are inversely proportional to the length of the FSS’ coupled strips to provide an easy fine tuning of the FSS structure. The simulated results obtained using WCIP are compared to the measured results, and a good agreement is reported.     

Dynamically anchored conferencing handoff for dual-mode cellular/WLAN handsets

In this paper we consider vertical handoff for enterprise-based dual-mode (DM) cellular/WLAN handsets. When the handset roams out of WLAN coverage, the DM's cellular interface is used to maintain the call by anchoring it through an enterprise PSTN gateway/PBX. Soft handoff can be achieved in this case if the gateway supports basic conference bridging, since a new leg of the call can be established to the conference bridge while the existing media stream path is active. Unfortunately this requires that all intra-enterprise calls be routed through the gateway when the call is established. In this paper we consider a SIP based architecture to perform conferenced dual-mode handoff and propose a much more scalable mechanism for short-delay environments, whereby active calls are handed off into the conference bridge prior to the initiation of the vertical handoff. Results are presented which are taken from a dual-mode handset testbed, from analytic models, and from simulations which characterize the scalability of the proposed mechanism. Mohammed Smadi received the B.Eng and Mgmt and M.A.Sc degrees in Computer Engineering from McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Mohammed received an NSERC doctoral award in 2005 and is currently a Ph.D. student at the Wireless Networking Group at McMaster University. Terence D. Todd received the B.A.Sc, M.A.Sc and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. While at Waterloo he spent 3 years as a Research Associate with the Computer Communications Networks Group (CCNG). He is currently a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Professor Todd spent 1991 on research leave in the Distributed Systems Research Department at AT&T Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill, NJ. He also spent 1998 on research leave at The Olivetti and Oracle Research Laboratory in Cambridge, England. While at ORL he worked on the piconet project which was an early embedded wireless network testbed. Dr. Todd’s research interests include metropolitan/local area networks, wireless communications and the performance analysis of computer communication networks and systems. He is a past Editor of the IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking and currently holds the NSERC/RIM/CITO Chair on Pico-Cellular Wireless Internet Access Networks. Dr. Todd is a Professional Engineer in the province of Ontario and a member of the IEEE. Vytas Kezys was born in Hamilton, Canada in 1957. He received the B.Eng. degree in Electrical Engineering from McMaster University, Canada, in 1979. From 1979 to 1998, Mr. Kezys was involved in radar and communications research as Principal Research Engineer at the Communications Research Laboratory, McMaster University. While at McMaster, his research activities included array signal processing for low-angle tracking radar, radar signal processing, and smart antennas for wireless communications. Mr. Kezys was founder and President of TalariCom Inc., a start-up company that developed cost effective smart antenna technologies for broadband wireless access applications. Currently, Mr. Kezys is Director of Advanced Products at Research in Motion in Waterloo, Canada. Vahid S. Azhari received his B.S. and M.S. from the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, IUST and University of Tehran, Iran, in 2000 and 2003 respectively. His M.S. research focused on designing scheduling algorithms for switch fabrics. He also worked for two years for the Iranian Telecommunication Research Centre on developing software for SDH switches. He is currently pursuing his Ph.D. degree at the Wireless Networking Laboratory, McMaster University, Canada. His main area of research includes handoff management in integrated wireless networks, WLAN deployment techniques, and wireless mesh networks. Dongmei Zhao received the Ph.D. degree in Electrical and Computer Engineering from the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada in June 2002. Since July 2002 she has been with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada where she is an assistant professor. Dr. Zhao’s research interests include modeling and performance analysis, quality-of-service provisioning, access control and admission control in wireless cellular networks and integrated cellular and ad hoc networks. Dr. Zhao is a member of the IEEE.     

Design and Analysis of a Wavelet Packet Modulation Based Differential Chaos Shift Keying Communication System

Wireless Personal Communications - In this paper, a new multicarrier based DCSK system that is combined a wavelet packet modulation (WPM) with differential chaos shift keying (DCSK) and named...     

Defect Passivation in Perovskite Solar Cells by Cyano‐Based π‐Conjugated Molecules for Improved Performance and Stability

Defects at the surface and grain boundaries of metal–halide perovskite films lead to performance losses of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, organic cyano‐based π‐conjugated molecules composed of indacenodithieno[3,2‐b]thiophene (IDTT) are reported and it is found that their cyano group can effectively passivate such defects. To achieve a homogeneous distribution, these molecules are dissolved in the antisolvent, used to initiate the perovskite crystallization. It is found that these molecules are self‐anchored at the grain boundaries due to their strong binding to undercoordinated Pb²⁺. On a device level, this passivation scheme enhances the charge separation and transport at the grain boundaries due to the well‐matched energetic levels between the passivant and the perovskite. Consequently, these benefits contribute directly to the achievement of power conversion efficiencies as high as 21.2%, as well as the improved environmental and thermal stability of the PSCs. The surface treatment provides a new strategy to simultaneously passivate defects and enhance charge extraction/transport at the device interface by manipulating the anchoring groups of the molecules.     

WSANFlow: An Interface Protocol Between SDN Controller and End Devices for SDN-Oriented WSAN

When dealing with a Wireless Sensor and Actuator Network (WSAN) structure, one of the challenging problems is lack of flexibility in such network operations as establishment, management, and configuration. Software-defined Networking (SDN) is a promising technology for a simpler, more flexible, and less overworked network structure. Integration of SDN as a solution into the existing WSAN structures seems to be a strong candidate of deployment solutions for next generation WSAN systems. In order to get enhanced performance results for WSAN systems, we proposed an interface protocol, referred to as WSANFlow, which is responsible for all the communications between SDN controller (SDNC) and SDN-oriented end devices. The SDNC in this approach has the network intelligence and is capable of handling all the control and management operations related to the network. Thus, advanced communication operations can be managed and efficiently optimized efficiently by the SDN controller and then, subsequently, corresponding instructions can be delivered to end devices using the proposed WSANFlow protocol. In the study, we analyzed the proposed framework performance, in terms of power consumption ratio, throughput, and end to end delay metrics. Then, we compared the results with those of a ZigBee-based counterpart for different workloads such as; light, heavy and heavier load which modelizes a video stream of mild parameters. The results show that not only has the overall performance of the existing WSAN system been enhanced, but also control and management operations have been simplified by the proposed model.     

Interference Mitigation Based on Radio Aware Channel Assignment for Wireless Mesh Networks

An intricate network deployment for high demand users leads to simultaneous transmission in wireless mesh networks. Multiple radios are adapted to individual nodes for improving network performance and Quality of Service (QoS). However, whenever multiple radios are assigned to the same channel, co-located radio interference occurs, which poses a major drawback. This paper proposes a Radio aware Channel Assignment (Ra-CA) mechanism based on a direct graphical model for mitigation of interference in multi-radio multi-channel networks. Initially, the co-located radio interference is identified by classifying non-interfering links for simultaneous transmission in the network. Proposed channel assignment mechanism helps in allocating the minimal number of channels to the network that mitigate co-located radio interference. Performance analysis of the proposed Ra-CA strategy is carried out compared with other existing techniques, like Breadth First Search-Channel Assignment (BFS-CA) and Maximal Independent Set Channel Assignment (MaIS-CA), in multi-radio networks. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed channel assignment scheme is more efficient compared to the existing ones, in terms of QoS parameters like, packet drop rate, packet delivery ratio, transmission delay and throughput.