Stable and Unstable Spatial Modes in a Resonator with a Half-Disk Shape

Semiconductors - This work was devoted to the study of stable and unstable optical modes in segment shaped resonators. The size of the studied resonators was much larger than the wavelength of the...     

An envelope method for removing background from X-ray fluorescence spectra

The accuracy of the envelope method, which was proposed by the authors for removing a continuous background from X-ray fluorescence spectra, is studied. This study is performed using model spectra in the presence of different forms of the bremsstrahlung background in the presence of noise in these spectra. For typical conditions, the error is as large as a few tenths of a percent and can be assessed with a suitable accuracy following the algorithm proposed in this paper. It is shown that the envelope method is an efficient technique for removing a continuous bremsstrahlung background from first-order X-ray fluorescence spectra that allow the intensities of spectral lines to be found with a high accuracy without using any data beyond the spectra themselves.     

The mechanisms of uncognizable perception controlling human behavior

The task of the study was to determine the influence of emotional-motivational sphere on the phenomenon of out-of-logic mental activity. An accepted in the laboratory model of the recognition of a hidden image double image pictures was used. Recorded multichannel EEG was analysed by the method of computation of coefficients of community elaborated in the laboratory. The results of computation were presented in a form of a stereometric map. The obtained results testify to the fact that the emotional-motivational processes influence the mechanism of the out-of-logic form of decision making. At the out-of-logic form of decision making a subjective evaluation of results dominates being reflected in the character of the spatial distribution of coefficient of community.     

Collective modes in coupled semiconductor disk lasers in the case of whispering-gallery modes

Samples of coupled semiconductor disk laser based on quantum-dimensional GaInAsSb/AlGaAsSb nanoheterostructures (emission wavelength of λ ≈ 2.28 μm) operating in the whispering-gallery modes are fabricated and studied. The emission spectra and directivity patterns are studied for laser systems of two types, i.e., coupled disk lasers with a bridge between resonators and those without it. It is found that both types of these lasers generate collective modes with an intermodal difference twice as small as that for a single disk laser. It is suggested that this effect is caused by the propagation of radiation from one disk laser to the other.     

On Optimal Heuristic Randomized Semidecision Procedures, with Applications to Proof Complexity and Cryptography

The existence of an optimal propositional proof system is a major open question in proof complexity; many people conjecture that such systems do not exist. Krají?ek and Pudlák (J.?Symbol. Logic 54(3):1063, 1989) show that this question is equivalent to the existence of an algorithm that is optimal on all propositional tautologies. Monroe (Theor. Comput. Sci. 412(4?C5):478, 2011) recently presented a conjecture implying that such an algorithm does not exist. We show that if one allows errors, then such optimal algorithms do exist. The concept is motivated by the notion of heuristic algorithms. Namely, we allow an algorithm, called a heuristic acceptor, to claim a small number of false ??theorems?? and err with bounded probability on other inputs. The amount of false ??theorems?? is measured according to a polynomial-time samplable distribution on non-tautologies. Our result remains valid for all recursively enumerable languages and can also be viewed as the existence of an optimal weakly automatizable heuristic proof system. The notion of a heuristic acceptor extends the notion of a classical acceptor; in particular, an optimal heuristic acceptor for any distribution simulates every classical acceptor for the same language. We also note that the existence of a co-NP-language L with a polynomial-time samplable distribution on $\overline{L}$ that has no polynomial-time heuristic acceptors is equivalent to the existence of an infinitely-often one-way function.