PS3-15针式棒形绝缘子爬电距离不足的原因分析及解决措施

对本公司ＰＳ３－１５针式棒形绝缘子两次设计后爬电距离的差别原因进行了探讨,利用美国Ａｕｔｏｄｅｓｋ公司的ＣＡＤ１４．０软件包对湿修图纸的有关尺寸进行了准确测量;利用工序能力在湿法成型中的重要作用即能保证瓷件各个方向的准确放尺,提出了提高ＰＳ３－１５针式棒形绝缘子爬电距离的方法,从而提高了该产品的耐污性能。     

Role of microtubules in the contractile dysfunction of hypertrophied myocardium

OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine whether the ameliorative effects of microtubule depolymerization on cellular contractile dysfunction in pressure overload cardiac hypertrophy apply at the tissue level. BACKGROUND: A selective and persistent increase in microtubule density causes decreased contractile function of cardiocytes from cats with hypertrophy produced by chronic right ventricular (RV) pressure overloading. Microtubule depolymerization by colchicine normalizes contractility in these isolated cardiocytes. However, whether these changes in cellular function might contribute to changes in function at the more highly integrated and complex cardiac tissue level was unknown. METHODS: Accordingly, RV papillary muscles were isolated from 25 cats with RV pressure overload hypertrophy induced by pulmonary artery banding (PAB) for 4 weeks and 25 control cats. Contractile state was measured using physiologically sequenced contractions before and 90 min after treatment with 10(-5) mol/liter colchicine. RESULTS: The PAB significantly increased RV systolic pressure and the RV weight/body weight ratio in PAB; it significantly decreased developed tension from 59+/-3 mN/mm2 in control to 25+/-4 mN/mm2 in PAB, shortening extent from 0.21+/-0.01 muscle lengths (ML) in control to 0.12+/-0.01 ML in PAB, and shortening rate from 1.12+/-0.07 ML/s in control to 0.55+/-0.03 ML/s in PAB. Indirect immunofluorescence confocal microscopy showed that PAB muscles had a selective increase in microtubule density and that colchicine caused complete microtubule depolymerization in both control and PAB papillary muscles. Microtubule depolymerization normalized myocardial contractility in papillary muscles of PAB cats but did not alter contractility in control muscles. CONCLUSIONS: Excess microtubule density, therefore, is equally important to both cellular and to myocardial contractile dysfunction caused by chronic, severe pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy.     

Staling in Starch Breads: The Effect of Antistaling α-Amylase

A novel starch bread that contained no gluten was found to firm at a rate comparable to a normal standard bread made from wheat flour. Treatment of both the starch and the standard bread with Novamyl, an antistaling enzyme mix, inhibited firming. ¹³C CP/MAS NMR studies showed that the decreased firming of the Novamyl-treated starch bread was correlated with decreased starch retrogradation. For the Novamyl-treated bread the increase in retrograded starch over six days following baking was about 11% compared to an increase of over 200% for the untreated bread. These results suggests that starch retrogradation is sufficient to cause bread firming.     

Supporting security and adequacy in future energy systems: The need to enhance long‐term energy system models to better treat issues related to variability

As the shares of variable renewable generation in power systems increase, so does the need for, inter alia, flexible balancing mechanisms. These mechanisms help ensure the reliable operation of the electricity system by compensating for fluctuations in supply or demand. However, a focus on short‐term balancing is sometimes neglected when assessing future capacity expansions with long‐term energy system models. Developing heuristics that can simulate short‐term system issues is one way of augmenting the functionality of such models. To this end, we present an extended functionality to the Open Source Energy Modelling System (OSeMOSYS), which captures the impacts of short‐term variability of supply and demand on system adequacy and security. Specifically, we modelled the system adequacy as the share of wind energy is increased. Further, we enable the modelling of operating reserve capacities required for balancing services. The dynamics introduced through these model enhancements are presented in an application case study. This application indicates that introducing short‐term constraints in long‐term energy models may considerably influence the dispatch of power plants, capacity investments, and, ultimately, the policy recommendations derived from such models. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Subtracted, unique-sequence, in situ hybridization: experimental and diagnostic applications

Nonrandom chromosomal aberrations, particularly in cancer, identify pathogenic biological pathways and, in some cases, have clinical relevance as diagnostic or prognostic markers. Fluorescence and colorimetric in situ hybridization methods facilitate identification of numerical and structural chromosome abnormalities. We report the development of robust, unique-sequence in situ hybridization probes that have several novel features: 1) they are constructed from multimegabase contigs of yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones; 2) they are in the form of adapter-ligated, short-fragment, DNA libraries that may be amplified by polymerase chain reaction; and 3) they have had repetitive sequences (eg, Alu and LINE elements) quantitatively removed by subtractive hybridization. These subtracted probes are labeled conveniently, and the fluorescence or colorimetric detection signals are extremely bright. Moreover, they constitute a stable resource that may be amplified through at least four rounds of polymerase chain reaction without diminishing signal intensity. We demonstrate applications of subtracted probes for the MYC and EWS oncogene regions, including 1) characterization of a novel EWS-region translocation in Ewing's sarcoma, 2) identification of chromosomal translocations in paraffin sections, and 3) identification of chromosomal translocations by conventional bright-field microscopy.