VARIATION IN THE BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF ACID EXTRACTS FROM BARLEYS OF CONTRASTING MALTING QUALITY

Acid extracts from barleys of poor malting quality were characterized by high viscosity caused by enhanced concentrations of high molecular weight carbohydrates of which more than 80 per cent was β-glucan. Up to 67 per cent of the β-glucan in these barleys was soluble in the acid extracting solution. In contrast, only about 25 per cent of the β-glucan in good malting barleys was soluble, resulting in extracts having low viscosity. No evidence was found for autolysis in any of the extracts, and extracts from good malting varieties were characterized by high concentrations of fructose and sucrose. Protein concentration in the extracts varied little, although the protein content of the barleys ranged from 9·1 per cent to 15·4 per cent. Soluble protein has no effect on extract viscosity or the gel filtration properties of the carbohydrates. Some quantitative variation in acid-soluble and salt-soluble proteins was seen after electrophoresis on polyacrylamide.     

Effect of prostaglandins on macromolecular transport from blood to lymph in the dog

The effect of various prostaglandins on hindlimb lymph flow and macromolecular transport was studied in dogs anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. Lymph obtained by cannulating the popliteal lymphatics was collected at 30-min intervals and analyzed for protein and exogenously administered dextran (Dextran 110). Arterial blood was obtained at the midpoint of each collection period and similarly analyzed. Prostaglandins (E1, E2, F2alpha, and A2), the vehicle and histamine were injected subcutaneously into the paw of the dog. Prostaglandins slightly increased lymph flow (L') but the lymph-to-plasma concentration ratios (R) for total protein (T) and Dextran 110 (D) decreased. Permeability surface area products (PS) were not altered. The sieving ratios (RD/RT) were substantially less than 1 and were not altered by prostaglandins. These results indicate that selective permeability of the capillary is not impaired by prostaglandins. Timing sequences and dose-response relations were also completed for prostaglandins by subcutaneous testing in dogs injected with Evans blue (T-1824). Leakage of the T-1824-albumin complex occurred when large amounts (migrogram) of prostaglandins were administered, and the response appeared to be short lived (less than 30 min). While the prostaglandins possess vasoactive properties, as demonstrated by an increased lymph flow, they do not alter the restrictive transport of large molecules.     

Contribution to the discussion of `1987 ampacitytables-demystifying the myths'

The author discusses J. Nasilowski's remarks (see ibid., vol.26, no.4, p.605, 1990) on a paper by D.W. Zipse (see ibid., vol.25, no.5, pp.910-17, 1989). Nasilowski claimed that in M=(hS/R)^1/2, where M is the current coefficient of heating, h is the heat transfer coefficient, including both convection and radiation, S is the surface area of the conductor, and R is the resistance, M is constant for a specific material for a range of currents and for temperature rises up to about 60 K. The author argues that M is approximately constant only for a specific conductor and for restricted ranges of temperature rise and ambient temperature. In his reply, Nasilowski stresses the utility of the assumption that M =constant for calculations of steady state temperature rise of the conductors in a quiet air     

The effect of thermal history and strain rate on the mechanical properties of diethylenetriamine-cured bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether epoxies

The tensile mechanical properties of diethylenetriamine (DETA)-cured bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) epoxies prepared from 9, 11 and 13 phr DETA are reported as a function of thermal history, strain-rate and test temperature. These epoxies exhibit macroscopic yield stresses and >10% ultimate elongations. The mechanical properties of these epoxies exhibit a free-volume dependence as a function of thermal history. Annealing below T_g causes an increase in the macroscopic yield stress and a decrease in the ultimate elongation, whereas quenching from above T_g lowers the yield stress and increases the elongation. These mechanical property modifications are shown to be reversible with reversible thermal–anneal cycles. The activation volumes associated with Eyring's theory for stress-activated viscous flow for the DGEBA-DETA epoxies are within the range of values (9–12 nm³) reported for noncrosslinked polymers. These observations suggest that the DGEBA-DETA epoxies are not as highly crosslinked as would be expected from normal addition reactions of epoxide groups with primary and secondary amines. The formation of lower crosslink density networks is discussed in terms of potential chemical reactions.     

A 3D-QSAR study on ginkgolides and their analogues with comparative molecular field analysis

Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) paradigm was used to study the correlation between the physicochemical properties and the in vitro bioactivities of ginkgolide analogues. The correlation derived from CoMFA analysis has a good predictive capability. Based on the result of CoMFA analysis, we designed some compounds. Pharmacological assay indicated that three of these new designed compounds are 2 and 4 times more potent than that of ginkgolides.     

Hypnotic analgesia: A preliminary investigation of quantitated hemispheric electroencephalographic and attentional correlates.

The effects of hypnotically induced analgesia were studied in 6 undergraduate Ss rated as moderately hypnotizable and 5 Ss rated as highly hypnotizable. Subjective pain reports and EEG activation were recorded during 1-min periods of cold-pressor stimulation. Both groups reported decreased pain during hypnosis, but the decrease was greater for the highly hypnotizable group. During hypnotic analgesia, immersion of either the right or the left hand in ice water was correlated with contralateral EEG activation for moderately hypnotizable but not for highly hypnotizable Ss. Lack of contralateral shift was correlated for the whole sample and within groups with success on an attentional task related by previous research to hypnotizability as well as with reports of reduced pain. (12 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An adaptive finite element method for transient compressible flows

An adaptive finite element method for the solution of time dependent strongly compressible flows in two dimensions is described. The computational domain is represented by an unstructured assembly of linear triangular elements and the mesh adaptation is achieved by local regeneration of the grid, using an error estimation procedure coupled to an automatic triangular mesh generator. Problems involving shock propagation are solved to illustrate the numerical performance of the proposed approach.     

The overjustification effect: A developmental test of self-perception interpretations.

Examined the self-perception explanations of the overjustification effect and their underlying assumptions about cognitive structures based on the operation of multiple-sufficient-causal schemata (MSCS). Two studies were carried out that initially identified the Ss as belonging to the additive, transitional, or discounting stage of MSCS according to the procedure of M. C. Smith (see record 1974-22388-001). A total of 94 5-, 8-, and 11-yr-old schoolchildren were selected as Ss. Half of the Ss were given a tangible reward for an interesting task in the usual overjustification paradigm. The results of both studies indicate that the rewarded groups showed a decline in intrinsic interest that was independent of the Ss' level of functioning on the schema. The author examines objections to the present research strategy and assesses the educational implications of the outcomes. (39 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)