Einfluß des Gefüges auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften von Gußeisen mit rd. 3% C und 14% Cr für Walzen

Ermittlung der mechanischen Eigenschaften unterschiedlicher Bereiche gegossener Walzen mit 360 mm Ballendurchmesser und 200 mm Zapfendurchmesser aus drei Schmelzen eines Gußeisens mit rd. 3% C, 0,8% Si, 0,8% Mn, 0,14% P, 0,014% S, 14,2% Cr, 0,35% Mo und 0,5% Ni in zwei Wärmebehandlungszuständen. Zahlenmäßiger Zusammenhang zwischen der Biegefließgrenze und geeigneten Kennwerten für den Gefügezustand unter Bezugnahme auf die Beanspruchungsrichtung. Einfluß des Gefügezustandes auf das Formänderungsverhalten im statischen Biegeversuch.     

Early-onset Alzheimer''s disease due to mutations of the presenilin-1 gene on chromosome 14: a 7-year follow-up of a patient with a mutation at codon 139

In recent years, several factors have altered the spectrum of respiratory infections and their likelihood of response to empiric treatment. Altered microbial resistance has led to the possible need for specific etiologic diagnosis in some hospital-acquired infections in the normal host. In the immune-compromised host, the spectrum of atypical presentations and unusual organisms limits the clinician's ability to choose effective empiric therapies. In the normal host, bronchoscopic diagnosis seems to be most useful in the groups with severe community-acquired pneumonia or poor response to therapy for community-acquired pneumonia. The group of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia has been well-researched and the bronchoscopic techniques tend to show increased sensitivity over other diagnostic means, but this has not been proven to alter morbidity, mortality, or cost effectiveness. The immune-compromised host is commonly infected by organisms not easily diagnosed by other means and is thus unable to be treated empirically. Bronchoscopic diagnostic techniques play a larger and more clearly delineated role in these populations, including the patient populations with solid organ transplants, bone marrow transplants, and AIDS.     

Influence of topically and systemically active steroids on circulating leukocytes in Crohn's disease

OBJECTIVE: Budesonide, although only topically active, is effective in the treatment of Crohn's disease. This study was performed to compare the clinical efficacies of budesonide and prednisolone in relation to the activation status of circulating leukocytes. METHODS: Twenty-four patients with active Crohn's disease were randomized to treatment with either budesonide or 6-methylprednisolone. Clinical response was monitored by the Crohn's disease activity index, C-reactive protein, and orosomucoid. Expression of CD25 and CD71 on T cells and CD64 on neutrophils was determined by flow cytometry. The release of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured by ELISA. RESULTS: After 2 wk of treatment a clinical response was observed in both groups, but it was more accentuated in patients treated with prednisolone. At baseline an upregulation of CD71 and CD64, but not CD25, was found in active patients. Prednisolone significantly decreased the expression of CD64 and the release of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, but did not alter the expression of CD25 and CD71. Budesonide treatment failed to exert any effect on circulating leukocytes. CONCLUSIONS: The inability of budesonide to downregulate activated circulating leukocytes may contribute to the somewhat lower clinical efficacy of this topical steroid in the treatment of active Crohn's disease.     

Wall functions for numerical simulation of turbulent natural convection along vertical plates

This paper presents new wall functions of velocity and temperature for natural convection along vertical plates based on dimensional analysis and experimental data. Because only fluid properties and local parameters are included, the proposed wall functions are suitable for numerical simulation and are expected to be also valid in non-isothermal flows in cavities. Moreover, a certain analogy of length, velocity, and temperature scales between natural and forced convection has been found.     

Doping modulation by electric currents in lithium niobate during crystal growth

The segregation coefficient of impurities being effective during crystal growth of LiNbO₃ from the melt can be influenced by electric currents through the growing interface. Examples are given for chromium dopings where the changes in concentration can easily be measured by optical methods. The effect can be used to mark the growing interface, to superimpose time markers during growth, and to generate periodic and aperiodic doping structures. Indications are given that the effect is due rather to electrochemical processes at the interface than to a change in growth rate caused by the Peltier effect.     

Einfluß der chemischen Zusammensetzung und der Abkühlungsbedingungen auf den Gefügezustand von Gußeisen mit rd. 3% C und 14% Cr für Walzen

Abguß von drei Walzenkörpern aus verschleißfestem Gußeisen mit 2,95 bis 3,16% C, rd. 0,8% Si, rd. 0,8% Mn, rd. 0,14% P, rd. 0,014% S, rd. 14% Cr, rd. 0,35% Mo und rd. 0,5% Ni. Abkühlgeschwindigkeit nach dem Abguß. Rechnerische Ermittlung der chemischen Zusammensetzung und der Mengenanteile der sich ausscheidenden Gefügebestandteile. Metallographische Gefügeuntersuchungen. Abstand der Sekundärarme der Mischkristalldendriten sowie Länge und Dicke der Carbidteilchen als Kenngrößen zur zahlenmäßigen Gefügebeschreibung. Einfluß der Abkühlungsbedingungen auf den Zustand des Primär- und des Sekundärgefüges.