Evaluation of orthogonal and biorthogonal wavelets for video steganography

ABSTRACT

In recent years, information security over the internet has gained enormous immersion due to a technological escalation in communication via digital media. Nowadays, videos are the most common form of media over the internet, and they have gained the attention of video steganography research community for the security of the communication. This paper implemented video steganography using a widely-known transform technique, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) which consists of different orthogonal and biorthogonal filters used for the decomposition of a frame/image. The aim of this paper is to provide a comparative evaluation for orthogonal and biorthogonal DWT filters with different matrices such as MSE, PSNR. The performance of the different filters has been evaluated both quantitatively and qualitatively to investigate the best among them. Also, the best of orthogonal and biorthogonal filters have been further evaluated with other metrics such as SSIM, BER and histogram analysis. Further, the embedding algorithm has been compared with the existing video steganography techniques. The experimental results illustrate that bior 6.8 (biorthogonal filter) outperforms the other orthogonal and biorthogonal filters in terms of visual distortion.     

Microstructure,Thermal, Thermo-mechanical and Fracture Analyses of Hybrid AA2024-SiC Alloy Composites

This research work aims to investigate the inter-correlation between microstructure, thermal (thermal conductivity, thermo-gravimetric analysis), thermo-mechanical (dynamic mechanical analysis) and fracture characteristics of hybrid AA2024-SiC alloy composites fabricated via semi-automatic stir-casting process, as per standard industrial practice. Silicon Carbide (SiC) particulates of varying amount (0–6 wt%; @ step of 2%) were used to reinforce master batch of AA2024 wrought alloy, Silicon Nitride (Si3N4) and graphite particulates. The thermal conductivity and storage-modulus magnitudes of alloy composites have shown diminishing trend with hard SiC reinforcing phase, while material stability, viscous modulus, damping factor and fracture toughness have shown significant improvement. Uniform dispersion and better interfacial adhesion between matrix–reinforcement were observed from metallographic examination. The XRD analysis identified the different phases of the hybrid alloy composites. The trends in variations of physical, mechanical and tribological properties were supported by microstructure analysis, thermal analysis, thermo-mechanical analysis and fracture analysis.     

Structural and color tunable properties in Sm3+/Eu3+-doped Ca3Bi(PO4)3 phosphor for solar cell and w-LED applications

Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics - Crystalline eulytite-type Ca3Bi(PO4)3 (CBP) phosphors activated with Sm3+ and combination of Sm3+ & Eu3+ ions have been prepared by...     

A Novel Approach Based on EMD to improve the Performance of SSVEP Based BCI System

Wireless Personal Communications - This paper investigate the effectiveness of the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) based Power Spectrum analysis (PSA) technique to evaluate the Performance of...     

Analysis of Frequency Notch Characteristics in Enhanced-Ultra-Wide-Band Compact Microstrip Patch Antenna

Wireless Personal Communications - A novel UWB microstrip antenna is proposed for C, X, and Ku bands wireless applications. An impedance bandwidth of 107.7% ranging from 4.5 to 15 GHz is...     

Nanoparticle formation by swift heavy ion irradiation of indium oxide thin film

In this study, a novel approach for the formation of indium oxide (IO) nanoparticles by irradiating IO thin film using 100?MeV Ag(8+) ions has been reported. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray analysis confirm the presence of single-crystalline IO nanoparticles after irradiation. The electronic excitations induced by 100?MeV Ag(8+) ions followed by thermal relaxation of the energy spike in IO thin film is responsible for the formation of latent tracks in the film. The electronic energy loss (S(e)) of 100?MeV Ag(8+) ions in IO is greater than the threshold electronic energy loss (S(eth)) required for the track formation in IO film, but is less than S(eth) required for crystalline silicon. Therefore, the tracks are formed in the IO film and not in the silicon substrate. This results in a stress induced at the IO film and silicon substrate interface which is responsible for dewetting of the tracks and the formation of nanoparticles. The theoretically calculated value of nanoparticle diameter using the thermal spike model is found to be in good agreement with the experimentally observed value of 30?nm.     

Analog and radio-frequency performance analysis of silicon-nanotube MOSFETs

This work presents a comparative study of the influence of various parameters on the analog and RF properties of silicon-nanotube MOSFETs and nanowire-based gate-all-around (GAA) MOSFETs. The important analog and RF performance parameters of SiNT FETs and GAA MOSFETs, namely drain current (I_d), transconductance to drain current ratio (g_m/I_d), I_on/I_off, the cut-off frequency (f_T) and the maximum frequency of oscillation (f_MAX) are evaluated with the help of Y- and H-parameters which are obtained from a 3-D device simulator, ATLAS^TM. It is found that the silicon-nanotube MOSFETs have far more superior analog and RF characteristics (g_m/I_d, f_T and f_MAX) compared to the nanowire-based gate-all-around GAA MOSFETs. The silicon-nanotube MOSFET shows an improvement of~2.5 and 3 times in the case of f_T and f_MAX values respectively compared with the nanowire-based gate-all-around (GAA) MOSFET.     

Thermo-hydraulic performance investigation of solar air heater duct having staggered D-shaped ribs: Numerical approach

The thermohydraulic performance (THP) of a solar air heater (SAH) duct with staggered D-shaped ribs as roughness geometry is examined in this work using three-dimensional numerical investigation. The investigation is carried out at roughness parameters of radius of rib to transverse pitch (r/P_tv) ratios of 0.1–0.35 and longitudinal pitch to radius of rib (P_lg/r) ratios of 4–10 under varied operating circumstances of Reynolds number (Re) from 10,200 to 20,200. The maximum Nusselt number (Nu) is obtained to be 81.3 at Re of 20,200, r/P_tv as 0.1, and P_lg/r as 4. In contrast, the maximum friction factor (f) is obtained to be 0.0169 at Re of 10,200, r/P_tv as 0.35, and P_lg/r as 4. In the range of parameters examined, the maximum enhancement in Nusselt number (Nu/Nu_s) is observed to be 1.35 at an optimal parameter of r/P_tv as 0.1, P_lg/r as 4, and Re as 10,200. Correspondingly, the enhancement in the friction factor (f/f_s) at this optimum parameter is 1.87. The maximum value of the THP parameter is found to be 1.1 at the same optimum range of parameters. In further analysis, correlations were developed for Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f) in terms of r/P_tv, P_lg/r, and Re with a deviation of ±2% and ±1.5%, respectively.