The overlap of U.S. and Canadian patent literature with journal literature literature with journal literature

The paper describes a study of the overlap of Canadian and U.S. patent literature and journal literature. A random sample of 300 U.S. and 100 Canadian patents published in 1968 were examined. 6.0% of the U.S. patents and 11.0% of the Canadian patents also appeared in the journal literature. 6.1% of the chemical patents, 6.0% of the mechanical patents and 11.3 % of the electrical patents also appeared in the journal literature. The results confirm the need to search both the journal and the patent literature for comprehensive literature coverage.     

Attuning speech-enabled interfaces to user and context for inclusive design: technology, methodology and practice

This paper presents a methodology to apply speech technology for compensating sensory, motor, cognitive and affective usage difficulties. It distinguishes (1) an analysis of accessibility and technological issues for the identification of context-dependent user needs and corresponding opportunities to include speech in multimodal user interfaces, and (2) an iterative generate-and-test process to refine the interface prototype and its design rationale. Best practices show that such inclusion of speech technology, although still imperfect in itself, can enhance both the functional and affective information and communication technology-experiences of specific user groups, such as persons with reading difficulties, hearing-impaired, intellectually disabled, children and older adults.

Psychological androgyny and the Masculinity?×?Femininity interaction.

Clarifies 3 proposed models of psychological androgyny, since recent discussions have been flawed by misunderstandings of the nature of statistical interaction. The additive model predicts main effects of masculinity (M) and femininity (F). The balance model predicts only M?×?F interaction. The emergent properties model predicts by effects and M?×?F interaction. The interaction effect assessed in a 2?×?2 ANOVA by a multiplicative M?×?F term in regression is compared with the absolute value of the M?×?F difference in regression. It is concluded that ANOVA and multiplicative interaction terms are generally satisfactory operationalizations of balance (though each has strengths and weaknesses), whereas the absolute difference term yields unpredictable results and should be avoided in most situations. (16 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Privacy is dead,get over it! 1 Information privacy and the dream of a risk-free society

The use of information and communications technology and the ‘digitalisation’ of everyday tasks has resulted in a paradigm shift where vast amounts of personal information about individuals, their opinions and habits is generated and stored in the databases of those providing online services. The mere existence of those data pools has created ‘unwholesome’ desires in both private and public organisations which cover that data for their own purposes. This article looks at the way in which the ‘market value’ of privacy seems to be falling as individuals are persuaded to disclose information about themselves in order to minimise real or perceived risks. It examines the way in which our perception of risk has changed in recent years and the way in which that perception may be manipulated. It analyses the link between risk perception, data processing and individual concepts of privacy as well as the dangers that increased privacy intrusion represents for the relationship between the individual and the state and the relationship between citizens.     

Cognitive Factors in Programming with Diagrams

Visual programming languages aim to broaden the use ofdiagrams within the software industry, to the extentthat they are integrated into the programming languageitself. As a result, they provide an ideal opportunityto study the benefits of diagrams as an externalrepresentation during problem solving: not only isprogramming a challenging problem-solving activity,but the effect of diagram usage can be directlyassessed by comparing performance while using a visualprogramming language to performance with a standardtextual language. There have been severalmisconceptions amongst visual language researchersregarding the role of diagrams in software design, butthese are being addressed by empirical studies and bynew theories of notation design derived from studiesof visual programming. Based on this research, theauthors are able to recommend several new directionsfor research into thinking with diagrams.     

Studies in software reengineering: Capturing navy legacy software

This report is a summary of the continuing efforts of several teams at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Divsion (NSWCDD) to evaluate technologies and to define and refine a process to reengineer Navy legacy CMS-2 code into Ada. This effort involves tool and technology evaluation, methodology definition, and cost model definition.For systems developed in CMS-2, a Navy specific high order language, consideration must be given as to the most cost effective method of converting to the current high order language of choice, i.e., Ada, without losing the legacy lessons learned. NSWCDD engineers evaluated three translation tools, evaluated reverse engineering technologies, and defined both a process and a methodology to incrementally transition Navy CMS-2 code into Ada. The source code used for the evaluation is from the AEGIS Weapon System and the distributed, open environment is the High Performance Distributed Computing Program co-sponsored by the Advanced Research Projects Agency and the AEGIS Program Manager.Many of the issues identified throughout these studies are unresolved, but software engineers are continuing to evaluated the impacts of transitioning to commercial environments and Ada. Some of the issues that are being studied follow: testing of distributed systems; system level integration; lack of time-stamped instrumentation: and reliability in commercial-off-the shelf environments. The Navy is in the early stages of identifying impacts of transitioning to Ada, commercial environments, and distributed architectures. NSWCDD is gathering data to confirm that capturing legacy systems, whether it is code or design ideas, is essential to minimizing the cost and the risk of these transitions. It is also evident that technology is neither mature nor ideal yet to satisfy the identified needs for capturing the legacy of a proven system. Translation, while useful to a point, is not suitable alone as a solution to the transition equation.     

Area and volume conservation among the elderly: Assessment and training.

Conducted 2 studies to examine whether the elderly maintain the competence to adequately solve problems of logical thinking. In the 1st study the performance of 60 noninstitutionalized middle-class elderly females was assessed on area and volume conservation tasks. On overall performance only 33.3% of the Ss were classified as conservers. In the 2nd study a training paradigm was used to determine whether simple verbal feedback activated the strategies required for adequate performance on conservation tasks. 22 Ss who failed at least 2 conservation tasks in the assessment study were administered a 20-trial training procedure. Half of these Ss received simple verbal feedback following each response, while half received no feedback. Results on an immediate posttest indicated that the feedback group performed significantly better than the control group on the near transfer posttest task and on the majority of far transfer tasks. The results are discussed in terms of a distinction between competence and performance. (29 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Polymorphic transitions of mixed triglycerides,SOS, in the presence of sorbitan monostearate

The polymorphic behavior of 1,3-distearoyl-2-oleo glycerol (SOS) has been investigated in the presence of a selected food emulsifier, sorbitan monostearate. Five polymorphs, named α, γ, pseudo-β′, and β₂, and β₁ were crystallized and identified by both x-rays and DSC. Each polymorph was treated using two selected protocols—the “screen cycle” and the “aging cycle.” It has been demonstrated that sorbitan monostearate, when present in the molten fat, will significantly retard the α to γ transition during both the screen cycle and the aging cycle. A retardation effect was not detected for the γ to pseudo-β′ transition (during the screen or the aging cycle). The emulsifier that is inserted into the fat behaves as a conventional impurity, causing significant reduction in the melting temperatures of each polymorph. As a result, the fat tends to melt prior to its transition. The behavior of SOS in the presence of the sorbitan monostearate is therefore different than that of SSS (tristearin), and may explain, in part, the absence of the strong blooming transition to high melting polymorph that occurs when the fat is rich in SOS. This behavior can also shed some light on the behavior of cocoa butter in the presence of sorbitan esters.     

基于DTW和改进匈牙利算法的句子语义相似度研究

句子语义相似度的研究在自然语言处理等领域发挥着重要的作用.针对现有汉语句子相似度研究中存在的语义特征难以分析以及语序影响的问题,提出了一种基于DTW和匈牙利算法相结合的语义句子相似度处理模型.模型首先使用Word2vec深度学习模型训练百度新闻语料,得到200维的包含语义特征的词向量词典,并建立词向量空间,根据词向量组...