Steam volatile aroma constituents of roasted coffee: neutral fraction

A body plethysmographic technique designed to detect small degrees of uneven ventilation in the lungs is presented. The technique is based on the same theoretical model as the frequency dependence of compliance. It has the advantage of requiring little time, no cooperation by the subject and no computation. Signs of uneven ventilation were found in 3 of the 42 normal controls, in 6 of 51 light smokers and in 66 of 103 heavy smokers. The data are compared with measurements of closing volume, of the slope of phase III of the single breath nitrogen washout and of maximal mid-expiratory flow rate.     

Comparison between treatment completers and noncompleters among dually diagnosed substance-abusing adolescents

The psychiatric and demographic characteristics that may distinguish treatment completers from noncompleters among hospitalized adolescents with substance abuse and comorbid psychiatric disorders were examined. Affective and adjustment disorders were more prevalent among treatment completers whereas non-completers were more likely to be assigned a conduct disorder diagnosis. There were no differences between the groups with respect to demographic and legal status, education level and lifetime psychiatric diagnosis in the parents or caretakers, living arrangements, treatment history, and perception of treatment benefits. A higher percentage of treatment completers than noncompleters received psychotropic medications. The factors contributing to treatment termination as well as the clinical and research implications of the findings are discussed.     

New effective method for the synthesis of oligonucleotides via phosphotriester intermediates

A rapid and convenient method for the synthesis of deoxyribooligonucleotides has been developed using the phosphotriester approach. The advantage of this methodology for work in solution was successfully demonstrated in synthesis of a number of DNA fragments up to 32-long. Adaptation of the presented method to solid-phase synthesis allows a pentadecamer to be assembled in 4-5 hours using dinucleotides as coupling units.     

Studies of the mechanism of contralateral polyuria after renal artery stenosis

Acute renal artery stenosis in hydropenic dogs caused a contralateral increase in urine volume and free water clearance without change in glomerular filtration, renal blood flow, or osmolar clearance. The increase in urine volume was not dependent on the development of hypertension since it occurred in animals pretreated with trimethaphan but was dependent upon angiotensin since it was presented with angiotensin blockade with Saralasin. The effect was not caused by angiotensin inhibiting antidiuretic hormone release since the polyuria occurred in hypophysectomized animals receiving a constant infusion of 10 muU/kg per min of aqueous Pitressin. Since the rise in urine volume was associated with an increase in renal vein prostaglandin E concentration and was prevented by pretreatment with indomethacin (5 mg/kg) the results suggest that the rise in plasma angiotensin after renal artery stenosis causes an increase in contralateral prostaglandin E synthesis with resultant antagonism to antidiuretic hormone at the collecting tubule.