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941.
Zhiping Lin Xu L. Bose N.K. 《IEEE transactions on circuits and systems. I, Regular papers》2008,55(1):445-461
942.
M Isabel Sánchez de Rojas Julián Rivera Moisés Frías Félix Marín 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2008,83(3):209-217
Copper slag is a by‐product generated during smelting to extract copper metal from the ore. The copper slag obtained may exhibit pozzolanic activity and may therefore be used in the manufacture of addition‐containing cements. In this paper the effect of the incorporation of the copper slag in cement is measured. Blends of copper slag with Portland cement generally possess properties equivalent to Portland cement containing fly ash, but very different to the silica fume incorporation. Copper slag and fly ash reduce the heat of hydration more effectively than silica fume in mortars. The replacement of 30% cement by copper slag reduces the flexural and compressive strength in a similar way to fly ash; however, after 28 days, the reduction is less than the percentage of substitution. Hydrated calcium aluminate phases were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The pozzolanic activity of copper slag is similar to that of fly ash and higher than silica fume. In the presence of low water/cement ratios, certain pozzolanic materials produce a very compact cement paste that limits the space available for hydration products, a determining factor in the formation of hydrated calcium aluminates. SEM was found to be a useful analytical technique when aluminates are formed and can be clearly detected by XRD. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
943.
V. Morandi F. Marabelli V. Amendola M. Meneghetti D. Comoretto 《Advanced functional materials》2007,17(15):2779-2786
Polystyrene artificial opals with few gold nanoparticles (AuNp) embedded in the interstices (doping) are grown by using the meniscus technique starting from a mixed suspension of microspheres and AuNp. Samples having different sphere diameters and nanoparticle loads have been prepared. Their reflectance spectra clearly show a dramatic bathochromic shift of the photonic stop band (up to 1400 cm–1) and a reduction of its full width half maximum, due to an increase of the effective refractive index of about 8 % with respect to bare opals, which is accounted for by analytical theoretical models. Reflectance spectra do not show any direct evidence of AuNp absorption even at the higher AuNp doping level. Nanosecond transient absorption measurements on these systems indicate that a variation of transmission (optical switching) of about 150 % is observed for AuNp doped opals upon photoexcitation with 9 ns laser pulses at 532 nm. No switching is instead observed for bare opals. 相似文献
944.
The photoelectric parameters of silicon solar cells degraded under the action of 60Co gamma-radiation can be partly restored using an ultrasonic treatment (UST). The growth of the maximum output power of solar cells after the UST is related to a redistribution of the radiation defects and an increase in the homogeneity of a semiconductor crystal structure. 相似文献
945.
Mark N. Frolick 《Information Systems Management》2003,20(1):29-34
As more companies develop Web sites to show or sell their products online, there is a corresponding increase in attacks by those who want to maliciously damage a company's reputation or steal its resources. Securing a Web site against savvy hackers can be a daunting task for a firm's Webmaster. This article explores the threat of attack and the measures that a company can take to gain its highest level of defense. 相似文献
946.
947.
S.N. Al-Refaie H.S.B. Elayyan 《Science, Measurement & Technology, IET》2007,1(3):133-137
The dispersion of potassium niobate (KNbO3) ceramics is analysed using the multiple-arc approach. This has revealed a high frequency arc that is unattainable by the Cole-Cole single arc analysis. The temperature dependence of the new arc is derived through the spread parameter of the relaxation distribution and interpreted in terms of the ferroelectric property of the KNbO3 ceramics. It is shown that the overall dispersion behaviour of the ceramics is mainly due to the existence of two distinctly different polarisation mechanisms. The arc approach has also provided an effective tool for network simulation of dispersion whereby the ceramics are modelled by nine parallel R-C branches over the frequency range 102-105 Hz used 相似文献
948.
QoS assessment of 3G video-phone calls by tracing watermarking exploiting the new colour space `YST?
Tracing watermarking has been recently proposed as a technique to provide a blind measure of the quality of service of the communication link, focusing on multimedia communication scenarios. 3G communication scenarios, where each customer transmits both voice and MPEG-4 video sequences in real time, have been considered. Typical video-phone call consists of close shots of speakers, framing their face in the foreground. For such particular application, a novel colour space (YST) is adopted to minimise the perceptual distortions on face coding introduced by watermarking. In the YST space, the luminance component (Y) is the same as in conventional YUV space, whereas the vectors S and T lie within the chrominance (UV) plane. The S (skin) component is a linear combination of U and V obtained as the 'average' chrominance estimated from an assorted set human faces to achieve a reasonable generalisation. The third component, T, is defined as orthogonal to the YS plane. The results show the benefits obtained in digital watermarking by the new representation against the conventional approach. In fact, the sensitivity of the YST representation outperforms the conventional one in terms of objective (mean square error, peak signal-to-noise ratio) and subjective (video-quality metrics) indicators. 相似文献
949.
To meet Turkey’s growing energy demand, the installed electric power capacity of 27.8 GW in 2001 has to be doubled by 2010 and increased fourfold by 2020. The difference between Turkey’s total primary energy supply (TPES) of from its own sources and total final consumption (TFC) is projected grow from 1 quad (1.06–2.06) in 1999 to 5.71 quads (2.79–8.5) in 2020 (1 QUAD=293.071 TWh). Turkey’s limited amount of fossil fuels has a present average ratio of proved reserves of 97.38 quads to production rate of 3.2 quads yr−1 of about 30 years. Turkey’s reliance on fossil fuel-based energy systems to meet the growing demand is most likely to exacerbate the issues of energy insecurity, national environmental degradation, and global climate change in increasing proportions. Economically-feasible renewable energy potential in Turkey is estimated at a total of ca. 1.69 quads yr−1 (495.4 TWh yr−1) with the potential for 0.67 quads yr−1 (196.7 TWh yr−1) of biomass energy, 0.42 quads yr−1 (124 TWh yr−1) of hydropower, 0.35 quads yr−1 (102.3 TWh yr−1) of solar energy, 0.17 quads yr−1 (50 TWh yr−1) of wind energy, and 0.08 quads yr−1 (22.4 TWh yr−1) of geothermal energy. Pursuit and implementation of sustainability-based energy policy could provide about 90 and 35% of Turkey’s total energy supply and consumption projected in 2010, respectively. Utilization of renewable energy technologies for electricity generation would necessitate about 23.2 Mha (29.8%) of Turkey’s land resources. 相似文献
950.
V. N. Fetisov 《Automation and Remote Control》2004,65(4):594-602
Studies are made of a problem of constructing a robust system according to an averaged performance criterion of a stochastic control system. Cases of the parametric and the structural uncertainty are considered. The relation of the notion of the stochastic robustness to the classical definition of deterministic systems is shown. A comparative analysis of the suggested method of developing a robust system and some other approaches is carried out. 相似文献