Mathematical methods of experiment design for determining the optimum production parameters for magnesite — Spinel roof brick

Conclusions It was shown that it is possible and advantageous to apply mathematical methods of experiment design when developing and analyzing the technological processes in the production of refractories.The interpolation models were constructed with very little effort, are important for practical purposes and cannot be obtained by conventional experimental methods in which the factors are varied one at a time.The calculations showed that for a product having a cold-crushing strength of 685 kg/cm² and an open porosity of 12% the spinel must contain 60% alumina and no chromite, the molding composition must contain 10% of this spinel, and the molded product must be fired at 1700°C.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 2, pp. 19–23, February, 1975.     

Bestimmung von Schwermetallen in Ölen,Fetten und Futtermitteln

Determination of Heavy Metal Traces in Oils, Fats and Feeding-Stuffs Atomic absorption spectroscopy has proved to be the best method for the determination of lead, cadmium and mercury in fats, oils and feeding-stuffs, whereas colorimetry is best for the determination of arsenic. For each substrate the most suitable digestion method is described. Recoveries and detection limits of the determination methods are shown.     

The thermomechanical and deformation properties of fibrous heat-insulation refractories

Conclusions An analysis was carried out of the deformation characteristics in uniaxial compression and of the creep and compression strength at temperatures of 400–1100°C of heat-insulation slabs produced from kaolin wool and an organic adhesive.The impregnation with an organic adhesive reduces the deformation of the slabs at temperatures of 20–600°C to a significant extent.The kaolin wool heat-insulation slabs can be used as compensation and construction material for the regenerations of blast furnaces including large-capacity furnaces because the slabs are capable of supporting long-term loads up to 1 kg/cm² at temperatures of 20–1100°C.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 7, pp. 51–54, July, 1976.     

Periclase —spinel products from magnesite powder with high alumina content

Conclusions Periclase-spinel articles with low contents of chromite made from magnesite powder containing magnesia-alumina spinel have a high range of physicochemical properties (except spalling resistance) and completely satisfy the requirements in service for the roofs of open-hearth and walls of electric steel-melting furnaces.With an increase in the content of magnesite in the fine constituent, it is possible to obtain products of the same quality from magnesite powder with a high porosity (up to 20–23%).The change in ratio of chrome spinel and magnesia-aluminous spinel in the periclase-spinel articles toward a certain increase in the latter is worthy of attention and requires further investigation.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 2, pp. 11–15, February, 1966.     

Study of mass transfer in a sheet glass furnace with boiling in the melting zone

The results of a luminescent indicator study of the conditions of neutralization of a glass melt in sheet glass furnaces equipped with boiling systems are reported. It was shown that the process of dilution of the indicator improved significantly in the furnace with boiling, and this began immediately after the indicator entered the furnace. After the boiling system was mastered, the mass transfer parameters of the furnace in production of sheet glass increased by 15–20%.Translated from Steklo i Keramika, Nos. 5–6, pp. 11–13, May–June, 1994.     

Predicted and observed initial short circuit current for lead-acid batteries

Initial short circuit currents have been observed using our electronic short circuit switch and also predicted from terminal voltage and ohmic resistance according to Ohm's law for several kinds of lead-acid batteries in various states-of-charge. Ohmic resistance was measured by the d.c. step and the a.c. impedance methods. The predicted and the observed values have been compared in order to establish a prediction method for initial short circuit current. A good agreement was obtained, the root mean square percentage deviation of the predicted value from that observed being only 219%, which confirms the validity of the prediction method for the initial short circuit current.     

Cu2O/Cu Cermet as a Candidate Inert Anode for Al Production

Cu₂O/ x Cu ( x =0–25 wt%) cermets were evaluated as a novel partially inert anode for aluminum (Al) production. The physical and mechanical properties, including the compressive strength, flexural strength, thermal expansion coefficient, thermal conductivity, and dc electrical conductivity were tested at room temperature and at temperatures up to 950°C. The coefficient of thermal expansion, compressive strength, flexural strength, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity of Cu₂O/Cu cermets increased with increasing Cu content. High-temperature electrical conductivity measurements showed that with increasing temperature, the electrical conductivity increased when the Cu content was below the percolation threshold, while it decreased when the Cu content was above the percolation threshold. A relatively stable CuAlO₂ layer formed on the cermet surface during electrochemical testing, and the corrosion rate of this anode was estimated to be about 1.8–1.9 cm/year in Al production.     

The search for optimum solutions for melting insulator glass

The effect of the temperature conditions of melting and the design features of the glass melting furnaces on the increase in the specific removal of glass melt in processing quenched insulating parts of high-voltage suspension insulators is demonstrated. Designs are proposed for glass melting furnaces and glass melting temperature regimes whose use will increase the economy of manufacturing insulators.     

Use of Periclase-Carbon Refractories for the Lining of 385-Ton Steel-Teeming Ladles for a Furnace-Ladle Unit Installed in an Oxygen-Converter Shop at the Magnitogorskii Metal-And-Steel Works Joint-Stock Co.

Refractories and Industrial Ceramics -