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91.
The thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) can be increased by introduction of additional interfaces in the bulk to reduce the thermal conductivity. In this work, PbTe with a dispersed indium (In) phase was synthesized by a matrix encapsulation technique for different In concentrations. x-Ray diffraction analysis showed single-phase PbTe with In secondary phase. Rietveld analysis did not show In substitution at either the Pb or Te site, and this was further confirmed by room-temperature Raman data. Low-magnification (~1500×) scanning electron microscopy images showed micrometer-sized In dispersed throughout the PbTe matrix, while at high magnification (150,000×) an agglomeration of PbTe particles in the hot-pressed samples could be seen. The electrical resistivity (ρ) and Seebeck coefficient (S) were measured from 300 K to 723 K. Negative Seebeck values showed all the samples to be n-type. A systematic increase in resistivity and higher Seebeck coefficient values with increasing In content indicated the role of PbTe-In interfaces in the scattering of electrons. This was further confirmed by the thermal conductivity (κ), measured from 423 K to 723 K, where a greater reduction in the electronic as compared with the lattice contribution was found for In-added samples. It was found that, despite the high lattice mismatch at the PbTe-In interface, phonons were not scattered as effectively as electrons. The highest zT obtained was 0.78 at 723 K for the sample with the lowest In content.  相似文献   
92.
Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - Dense alumina coatings were fabricated over aluminum alloy via dip coating method using oxime-modified aluminum(III) isopropoxide as a...  相似文献   
93.
Wireless Personal Communications - Internet of things (IoTs) has been the smartest technology proven worldwide these days. The application products of IoTs are Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) and...  相似文献   
94.
Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) in the gestational period damages the reproductive health of offspring; detailed evidence regarding BPA-induced damage in testicular germ cells of offspring is still limited. In this study, pregnant mice (F0) were gavaged with three BPA doses (50 μg, 5 mg, and 50 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day; tolerable daily intake (TDI), no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL), and lowest-observed-adverse-effect level (LOAEL), respectively) on embryonic days 7 to 14, followed by investigation of the transgenerational effects of such exposure in male offspring. We observed that the NOAEL- and LOAEL-exposed F1 offspring had abnormalities in anogenital distance, nipple retention, and pubertal onset (days), together with differences in seminiferous epithelial stages and testis morphology. These effects were eradicated in the next F2 and F3 generations. Moreover, there was an alteration in the ratio of germ cell population and the apoptosis rate in germ cells increased in F1 offspring at the LOAEL dose. However, the total number of spermatogonia remained unchanged. Finally, a reduction in the stemness properties of spermatogonial stem cells in F1 offspring was observed upon LOAEL exposure. Therefore, we provide evidence of BPA-induced disruption of physiology and functions in male germ cells during the gestational period. This may lead to several reproductive health issues and infertility in offspring.  相似文献   
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96.
BACKGROUND: Effluent released from industry is a mixture of various pollutants. For the degradation of complex pollutants, mixed bacterial cultures can be more effective than a single culture. This study investigated the balance of bacterial populations in a mixed culture for maximum reduction of pollutants. RESULTS: This study deals with the degradation and detoxification of pulp paper mill effluent (PPME) by three bacterial strains, i.e. Serratia marcescens, Serratia liquefaciens and Bacillus cereus in different ratios, and found that two ratios, 4:1:1 and 1:4:1, were effective for the degradation of PPME. These ratios reduced the various pollution parameters. Enzyme bioassay revealed that more enzyme was produced during degradation for the ratio 4:1:1. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that the ratio 4:1:1 degraded 95% of lignin and related compounds, and chlorophenols up to 98%, whereas ratio 1:4:1 reduced lignin by 84% and chlorophenols by 58% after 7 days incubation. Degradation products were confirmed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) analysis. A seed germination bioassay on Phaseolous mungo L. revealed that toxicity was reduced by the ratio 4:1:1. CONCLUSION: Due to variable potential of different bacteria show variation in their growth pattern at any contaminated site. This study shows that an appropriate ratio of mixed cultures is required for maximum degradation and detoxification of PPME. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   
97.
Fast pyrolysis of the crushed Delonix regia seed was carried out in a semi-batch reactor at a temperature ranging from 400 to 650°C with an objective to produce bio-oil. The effect of temperature to obtain an optimum condition for maximum bio-oil yield and the composition of pyrolysis product were investigated. The maximum bio-oil yield was found to be 48?wt% at pyrolysis temperature of 600°C. The chemical composition of bio-oil obtained at optimum condition was analysed using Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The chemical analysis of the biofuel showed the presence of hydrocarbons in major, aldehydes, ketones, amides, nitriles, etc. The composition and fuel characteristics of the pyrolysis oil obtained in this work show that it may potentially be used as a renewable fuel and chemical feedstock.  相似文献   
98.
Chryseobacterium meningosepticum is an uncommon human pathogen, which is an inhabitant of soil and water. It should be included in the list of suspected nosocomial infections, especially in patients with immunocompromised status. C. meningosepticum infections are not common but are clinically important because the organism is naturally resistant to multiple antibiotics. We report a case where the bacterium was isolated from the pleural fluid from a chronic kidney disease patient on hemodialysis, who developed pneumonia with complicated parapneumonic effusion. To the best of our knowedge, this is the first case where C. meningosepticum is isolated from the pleural effusion, from India.  相似文献   
99.
An important aspect that limits the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is the difficulty in obtaining homogeneously dispersed CNTs of uniform length. Hence, homogenization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) was carried out using bullet blender and the dispersion behavior was compared with that of ultrasonication. 1% sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), Triton-x-100 and polyethylene glycol 4000 were used as dispersing agents during homogenization. The dispersed CNTs were studied using transmission electron microscopy, ImageJ and Raman spectroscopy. Though dispersion and reduction in length of MWCNTs were observed both with ultrasonication and homogenization, lowest length range with about 75% reduction in polydispersity index was obtained on homogenization. Longer time of ultrasonication resulted in damage to small MWCNTs. Well dispersed and shorter MWCNTs were obtained with Triton-x-100 while reduction in length was minimum with SDS. SWCNTs of less than 1 μm length could be obtained by homogenization with Triton-x-100.  相似文献   
100.
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