Application of a chromium‐free photoresist to CRT screen processing

In 1998, Toyo Gosei Co. published a paper on the development of a new water‐soluble photopolymer of high sensitivity, PVA‐ARBB. In close co‐operation with LG. Philips Displays, the new material was further developed to be applicable in patterning the phosphor layer of a CRT screen. The new material shows about 3 times higher light sensitivity, gives 4–5% higher luminance, has no dark reaction, and is chromium‐free. It is the first chromium‐free photoresist used for phosphor patterning in CRT mass production. A comparison is presented between the conventional resist and the new resist. A survey is given of the most important process conditions.     

In situ hybridization studies of matrix metalloproteinase-3, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and type IV collagen in diabetic nephropathy

The effects of UV radiation on humans and animals are receiving increasing attention and much interest has recently been focused on the environmental effects of UV A and UV B. This study compares the in vitro effects of UV A and UV B on the clonogenic survival of two human skin keratinocyte cell lines, HaCaT which are immortal but not tumorigenic and HPV-G transfected keratinocytes which form non malignant tumours in nude mice. The effects were also studied on an EPC fish cell line. The aim of the work was to establish if similar initial and delayed survival responses occurred in both species. The cells were exposed to ultraviolet lamps emitting maximally at 365 nm (UV A) and 302 nm (UV B). Clonogenic survival was determined at appropriate times post exposure. Results for the initial survival curves show that the HaCaT and HPV-G cells did not show any appreciable difference in their response to UV A but the EPC cells were more sensitive at doses < 3000 Jm-2. The EPC cells were more sensitive to UV B at doses < 200 Jm-2 in comparison to the human HaCaT and HPV-G cells with the HPV-G cells showing the most sensitivity to UV B at doses > 200 Jm-2. The possible contribution of lethal mutations (delayed cell death) to the UV radiation response in the HaCaT and EPC cell lines was examined. The results showed that lethal mutations were expressed in the HaCaT cells following exposure to UV A and UV B but no lethal mutations were expressed in the EPC cells.     

Sodium deintercalation from α-NaFeO2

Chemical deintercalation was investigated on α-NaFeO₂ using bromine as oxidizing agent. The product had a composition about Na_0.9FeO₂ keeping the host layer structure as it was. The crystal lattice was hexagonal and the lattice parameters were $\text{a}\text{=2.997}\text{A}\text{?}$, $\text{c}\text{=16.32}\text{A}\text{?}$. Mössbauer spectrum showed the presence of Fe⁴⁺ in the product. Electrical resistivity was higher than 10⁸Ωcm at room temperature. Na_0.9FeO₂ decomposed to a mixture of α-NaFeO₂ and Fe₃O₄-like ferromagnetic materials above 130°C.     

A statistical evaluation of the free energy of Fe-base ternary ordering alloys

The free energy of the Fe-base ternary ordering alloys whereB2 andD0₃ ordered structures are formed is evaluated. The statistical theory is employed using a pairwise interaction approximation taking into account not only the atomic interaction but also the magnetic interaction, based upon the Bragg-Williams-Gorsky model. The application of this model on Fe-Si-Co ordering alloys are demonstrated. The propriety of the calculation results are performed by comparing the experimental results. The influences of the magnetic energy to the stability of ordered structures are also demonstrated.     

Dynamic operation and maintenance systems for switching networks

Some important concepts and techniques related to dynamic operation and maintenance (O&M) systems for switching networks are demonstrated. Five types of node that comprise the dynamic network O&M system being developed by the authors are discussed. They are local exchanges, a centralized operation system, a database system, a diagnostics expert system, and maintenance workstations. The nodes are implemented on an efficient distributed system and use a standardized interface. This O&M system, which is geared toward improved maintenance, focuses on the switching network as a whole, rather than on individual exchanges. In the case of alarms and fault messages, O&M takes corrective action automatically     

Topical application of Bifidobacterium-fermented soy milk extract containing genistein and daidzein improves rheological and physiological properties of skin

Application of drug substances to the skin for systemic absorption or action in a particular layer of the skin is a rather old approach. However, over the last years it has received much more attention, as a consequence of the development of new membrane-moderated and matrix reservoir devices. As new reservoir systems, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN™) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC™) have been successfully tested for dermal application of different physicochemical substances. The knowledge obtained from rheological investigations of these systems may be highly useful for the characterization of the newly developed topical formulation. In the present study, an oscillation frequency sweep test was used for the evaluation of storage modulus (G_), loss modulus (G_), and complex viscosity (_*) of 12 different SLN and NLC formulations, over a frequency range from 0 to 10 Hz. The lipidic aqueous dispersions were prepared using three different solid lipids (Softisan_138, Compritol_888 and stearyl alcohol) as matrix material. Miglyol_812, tocopherol, sunflower oil and long-chain triacylglycerols were the chosen liquid lipids for NLC preparation. The objective of the present work was to investigate the effect of these different liquid lipids on the rheological properties of aqueous dispersions of NLC as model systems. It was found that the liquid oil component of the formulation has a strong influence on the viscoelastic parameters, which are dependent on the particle size, zeta potential and crystallinity of the lipid particles, as well as on the solid lipid used.     

Development of thermoelectric module based on dense Ca3Co4O9 and Zn0.98Al0.02O legs

Ca₃Co₄O₉ (p-type) and Zn_0.98Al_0.02O (n-type) pellets were prepared by conventional sintering (CS) and Spark Plasma sintering (SPS) starting from the oxides. The best p-type sample was SPS Ca₃Co₄O₉ obtained from pre-sintered pellets, with electrical conductivity σ = 144 S/cm and Seebeck coefficient S = 172 μV/K at 800 °C, while thermal conductivity κ = 2.00 W/m×K and figure of merit ZT = 0.23. The best n-type sample was CS Zn_0.98Al_0.02O showing σ = 83 S/cm and S = ?268 μV/K at 800 °C, while = 5.03 W/m×K and ZT = 0.127. The output power of a module based on SPS Ca₃Co₄O₉ and CS Zn_0.98Al_0.02O legs was 2.26 mW (with T = 500 °C, ΔT = 248 °C).     

Force sensorless robust tracking servo system suppressing periodic disturbance and sudden disturbance for optical disk system

This paper proposes a new force sensorless robust tracking servo system, which detects and suppresses both the periodic disturbance and the sudden disturbance without force sensor. The proposed system estimates both the periodic disturbance and the sudden disturbance and the sudden disturbance by using a new sudden disturbance observer and the memory of tracking error. In the proposed system, the influence of sudden disturbance is suppressed by the proposed sudden disturbance observer. On the other hand, the influence of periodic disturbance is suppressed by means of ZPET feed‐forward servo system. The experimental results point out that the proposed tracking servo system has a precise tracking response against both the periodic disturbance and the sudden disturbance. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(1): 82–90, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20614