Synthesis and electrochemical,in situ spectroelectrochemical,electrical and gas sensing properties of ball-type homo- and hetero-dinuclear phthalocyanines with four [1a,8b-dihydronaphtho[b]naphthofuro[3,2-d]furan-7,10-diyl] bridges

The new mono-nuclear Fe^II 2 and ball-type homo-dinuclear Fe^II–Fe^II 3 phthalocyanines have been synthesized from the corresponding 4,4′-(1a,8b-dihydronaphtho[b]naphthofuro[3,2-d]-furan-7,10-diyl)bis(oxy)diphthalonitrile 1 while ball-type hetero-dinuclear Fe^II–Co^II phthalocyanine 4 was synthesized from 2. The compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, UV–vis, IR and MALDI-TOF-mass spectroscopies. The redox behaviours of the complexes were identified by controlled-potential coulometry, cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry measurements on Pt in dimethylsulfoxide containing tetrabutylammonium perchlorate. The assignments of the redox processes and the understanding of the interactions between the metal phthalocyanine units in 3 and 4 were achieved by the combined evaluation of the voltammetric and in situ spectroelectrochemical outcomes. Complex 3 showed ring-based mixed-valence behaviour as a result of the considerable interaction between the phthalocyanine rings. On the other hand, the interactions between the two metal phthalocyanine units of 4 were found to be much weaker than those in 3. The potential application of molecular organic semiconductors needs the control adjustment of conductivity. Ac and dc conductivity measurements were performed with the applied external electric filed. At high frequency, the conduction follows the universal power law and conduction mechanism can be explained by classical hopping barriers mechanism for the system.     

Robust control of an isolated hybrid wind-diesel power system using Linear Quadratic Gaussian approach

This paper presents the application of the Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller for voltage and frequency regulation of an isolated hybrid wind-diesel scheme. The scheme essentially consists of a vertical axis wind turbine driving a self-excited induction generator connected via an asynchronous (AC-DC-AC) link to a synchronous generator driven by a diesel engine. The synchronous generator is equipped with a voltage regulator and a static exciter. The wind generator and the synchronous generator together cater for the local load and power requirement. However, the load bus voltage and frequency are governed by the synchronous generator. The control objective aims to regulate the load voltage and frequency. This is accomplished via controlling the field voltage and rotational speed of the synchronous generator. The complete nonlinear dynamic model of the system has been described and linearized around an operating point. The standard Kalman filter technique has been employed to estimate the full states of the system. The computational burden has been minimized to a great extent by computing the optimal state feedback gains and the Kalman state space model off-line. The proposed controller has the advantages of robustness, fast response and good performance. The hybrid wind diesel energy scheme with the proposed controller has been tested through a step change in both wind speed and load impedance. Simulation results show that accurate tracking performance of the proposed hybrid wind diesel energy system has been achieved.     

Interference management for spectral coexistence in a heterogeneous satellite network

With the advent of the fifth generation of mobile radio communication by 2020, there will be many challenges such as increasing service demand with low delay in providing billions of end users called the satellite mobile users. It is expected that terrestrial communication systems will be faced with a dense network having many small cells anywhere and anytime. Therefore, there are some remote regions in the world where terrestrial systems cannot provide any services to end users. Furthermore, because of lack of spectral resources, it is very important that the spectrum is shared between satellite systems and terrestrial equipment by a suitable solution to interference management. In this paper, a heterogeneous satellite network that includes low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellation and terrestrial equipment is proposed to provide low delay services. In this type of structure, interference management based on transmission power control between LEO satellite systems and mobile users is very important for obtaining high throughput. Moreover, in order to mitigate interference, transmission power control is shown based on noncooperative Stackelberg game under many subgames through pricing‐based algorithm and convex optimization method. Finally, the simulation results show that the performance of this study's system model will be improved through the proposed algorithm.     

基于ESO-UKF的动力电池内部温度在线估计

准确的内部温度估计对动力电池的安全使用至关重要,为了在线获取准确的电池内部温度,本文提出一种基于温度估计模型的ESO-UKF电池内部温度估计方法。其中温度估计模型由Bernardi生热模型与热路传热模型组成,生热模型中端电压由神经网络获取,传热模型参数由递推最小二乘法辨识得到;该算法利用温度估计模型的离散状态空间描述,提出ESO-UKF进行电池内部温度的在线估计,将影响估计精度的传感器偏差视为扩展状态与原状态一起估计,实现了对不确定状态的估计;测试验证表明该算法的估计误差小于1℃,能够实现多工况下内部温度的在线估计,估计精度高、适应性强。     

Training Sequence Aided Signature Waveform Estimation

In code division multiple access channels multiuser detection techniques are known to be effective strategies to counter the presence of multiuser interference towards improving spectral efficiency. Generally, multiuser detectors can provide excellent performance only when the signature waveforms of all users are precisely known. Hence, the estimation of signature waveforms is a challenging issue in mobile communication systems. In this paper, we compare the performance of two short training sequence aided signature waveform estimators. One is maximum likelihood type signature waveform estimator that requires the knowledge of spreading sequences and short training sequences. The other estimator is recently proposed based on subspace method and requires the knowledge of training sequences only. Through the simulations, we show the signature waveform estimation performance of both systems and the effect of the estimation error on the performance of a multiuser detector. The complexity comparisons of both systems are also given. We use the term “signature waveform” to refer to the convolution of the channel and the spreading code throughout the paper. Hasan AMCA was born in 1961 in Nicosia-Cyprus. He graduated from the Higher Technological Institute in Magosa – Cyprus (which is renamed later as Eastern Mediterranean University). He joined EMU in 1985 after receiving a M.Sc. (Digital Signal Processing) degree from the University of Essex in England (1985). He took his Ph.D. (Mobile Communications) from the University of Bradford where he was on a Commonwealth scholarship. He has been teaching in the Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department of Eastern Mediterranean University since 1993 where he also served as the Vice Chairman from Spring 1998 to Spring 2000. He has been appointed as the Director of the School of Computing and Technology of the EMU since Spring 2000. His research interests include Multi User Detection of CDMA signals, Adaptive Equalisation, Multi Carrier Systems, Mobile Radio Systems and Networks, Internet and Information Technology Applications in Education. Ahmet Rizaner was born in Larnaca, Cyprus, on January 31, 1974. He received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from the Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus, in 1996 and 1998, respectively. He completed his PhD. degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering in Eastern Mediterranean University and joined Eastern Mediterranean University as a lecturer in 2004. He is lecturing in the School of Computing and Technology. His main research interests include CDMA communications, adaptive channel estimation, and multiuser detection technique. Kadri Hacioğlu was born in Nicosia, Cyprus. He received the B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. degrees in electrical and electronic engineering from the Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey, in 1980, 1984, and 1990, respectively. After his two-year military service, in 1992, he joined the faculty of Eastern Mediterranean University, Magosa, North Cyprus, as an Assistant Professor, and became an Associate Professor in 1997. While there, he taught several classes on electronics, digital communications, speech processing and neural networks. During this time, he conducted research on applying fuzzy logic, neural networks, and genetic algorithms to signal processing and communications problems. From 1998 to 2000, he was a Visiting Professor in the Department of Computer Science, University of Colorado, Boulder. Here, he taught classes on neural networks and continued his research. Since 2000, he has been a Research Associate at the Center for Spoken Language Research, University of Colorado. He has authored or coauthored numerous papers and supervised a dozen M.Sc./Ph.D. theses. His current research interests are concept-based language modeling, speech understanding, natural language generation, and search methods in speech recognition/understanding. He also does research on multiuser detection and equalization in CDMA systems. Ali Hakan Ulusoy was born in Eskişehir, Turkey, on June 3, 1974. He graduated from the double major program of the department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and department of Physics in Eastern Mediterranean University as the first rank student of Faculty of Engineering in 1996. He received his M.S. degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering in Eastern Mediterranean University in 1998. He completed his Ph.D. degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering in Eastern Mediterranean University and joined Eastern Mediterranean University as a lecturer in 2004. He is lecturing in the School of Computing and Technology. His current research interests include receiver design, multi-user detection techniques, blind and trained channel estimation in Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA).     

Ultra low power frequency divider for 2.45 GHz ZigBee frequency synthesizer

An ultra low power CMOS frequency divider whose modulus can be varied from 481 to 496 is presented. It has been customized to be used in 2.45 GHz Integer-N PLL frequency synthesizers utilized in ZigBee standard. Its based on swallow divider that replaces the swallow counter by a simple digital circuit in order to reduce power consumption and design complexity. Also a low power and high speed divide-by-7/8 is presented. Post layout simulation results exhibit 420 μW power consumption for 4 bit frequency divider in 2.45 GHz ISM frequency band that proves 40 % reduction compared to same previous works. All of the circuits have been designed in 0.18 μm TSMC CMOS technology with a single 1.8 V DC voltage supply.     

Mobility management architectures based on joint mobile IP and SIP protocols

In the all-IP wireless networks beyond the third generation, mobility management can be effectively achieved by applying mobile IP (MIP) and the session initiation protocol (SIP) jointly. Nevertheless, an efficient combination of both protocols remains an open research issue. Conventional hybrid MIP-SIP mobility architectures operate MIP and SIP almost independently, resulting in significant redundant costs. This article investigates the representative hybrid MIP-SIP architectures and explores the joint optimizations between MIP and SIP for a more cost-efficient mobility support whilst utilizing their complementary power. Two novel design approaches are presented. The first approach culminates in a tightly integrated architecture, which merges the redundant mobility entities in MIP and SIP to yield maximum system efficiency. The other approach leads to a loosely integrated architecture, where necessary interactions are introduced between MIP and SIP mobility servers while their physical entities are kept intact. Major mobility procedures, including location update, session setup and handoff, are discussed in these architectures. The analytical results demonstrate that both proposed architectures outperform typical hybrid MIP-SIP architectures in terms of clear-cut reduced signaling costs