A synthesized chromium‐based metal organic framework (Cr‐MOF) was used for the adsorption of halogenated anesthetics, i.e., sevoflurane (SF). Adsorption isotherm and breakthrough experiments involving SF (reference sorbate) and water vapor were measured at 298 K and atmospheric pressure on both Cr‐MOF and a commercially used reference adsorbent. The Cr‐MOF MIL‐101 showed a significantly higher SF adsorption capacity and much higher selectivity relative to water vapor compared to the reference adsorbent. Binary‐mixture breakthrough tests demonstrated a “roll‐up effect” for SF on the reference adsorbent while no such effect was observed on MIL‐101. 相似文献
This paper investigates the within-country location choices of a large sample of foreign and domestic firms in 19 Sub-Saharan African countries. We show that foreign firms are more likely to locate in core regions compared to domestic ones but generate significantly more jobs per productive unit in the periphery. We find some evidence that foreign firms generate relatively better jobs in peripheral areas: more skill intensive and better paid. These results highlight a fundamental role that FDI in peripheral areas might play in rebalancing the spatial distribution of economic opportunities in developing countries where highly congested megacities exercise a strong centripetal force. 相似文献
Different methods and procedures have been developed to define prioritisation strategies of retrofit interventions aimed at reducing the seismic risk of school buildings on a large territorial scale. However, these approaches fail to demonstrate how risk analysis has been used successfully to quantitatively assess and select the optimal risk management decision. This article proposes innovative and useful metrics to measure the potential costs and benefits related to the prioritisation of retrofit intervention and the resilience of the analysed school system by directly integrating engineering, organisational, socio-economic and political aspects in the realm of seismic resilience assessment. Based on probabilistic risk assessments considering the new vulnerability of the prioritised school buildings, these measures could predict the expected economic and functional losses associated with a disastrous seismic event, as well as the possible post-disaster recovery of the system. In order to help decision-makers in selecting the optimal mitigation strategy with a multidisciplinary and multidimensional perspective, different political scenarios, the relative prioritisations of interventions and their intervention options are also defined. The proposed framework is demonstrated in a complex case study of 1,825 public schools in the Lima metropolitan area, Peru. Policymakers, planners and engineering professionals could benefit from results. 相似文献
We review the literature describing the use of interleaves to increase interlaminar fracture toughness in fibre-reinforced polymer composites and hence to improve damage tolerance. From an analysis of data provided in the literature from the use of microfibre and nanofibre interleaves, we show that the performance of these widely researched systems is clearly differentiated when plotted against the mean coverage of the interleaf. Using a simple analysis, we suggest that this can be attributed to the influence of their porous architectures on the infusion of resin. We show also that the superior toughening performance of microfibre interleaves is only weakly influenced by the choice of fibre. We find also that the inclusion of carbon nanotubes within interleaves to deliver multifunctional composites can be optimised by using a hybrid system with microfibres.
A series of copolymers of styrene and furfuryl methacrylate characterized by various molecular structures (linear and star, block and random) is synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization, and cross-linked with a bismaleimide by means of thermally reversible Diels–Alder (DA) reaction, to obtain self-healing materials. The prepared materials are studied in terms of gelation, swelling, thermal, and dynamic-mechanical analysis, with the aim of correlating relevant properties to their chemical structure. It is found that the furan/styrene ratio, as well as the molecular architecture, have a major influence on the properties. It is also found that the reversibility of the DA reaction is not complete in the solid state for materials with high cross-linking density. This study provides some important tools for the design of materials characterized by thermally reversible behavior, which find usually application as self-healing thermosets, coatings, or adhesives. 相似文献
Dysregulated inflammasome activation and interleukin (IL)-1β production are associated with several inflammatory disorders. Three different routes can lead to inflammasome activation: a canonical two-step, a non-canonical Caspase-4/5- and Gasdermin D-dependent, and an alternative Caspase-8-mediated pathway. Natriuretic Peptides (NPs), Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) and B-type Natriuretic Peptide (BNP), binding to Natriuretic Peptide Receptor-1 (NPR-1), signal by increasing cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate) levels that, in turn, stimulate cGMP-dependent protein kinase-I (PKG-I). We previously demonstrated that, by counteracting inflammasome activation, NPs inhibit IL-1β secretion. Here we aimed to decipher the molecular mechanism underlying NPs effects on THP-1 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) + ATP. Involvement of cGMP and PKG-I were assessed pre-treating THP-1 cells with the membrane-permeable analogue, 8-Br-cGMP, and the specific inhibitor KT-5823, respectively. We found that NPs, by activating NPR-1/cGMP/PKG-I axis, lead to phosphorylation of NLRP3 at Ser295 and to inflammasome platform disassembly. Moreover, by increasing intracellular cGMP levels and activating phosphodiesterases, NPs interfere with both Gasdermin D and Caspase-8 cleavage, indicating that they disturb non-canonical and alternative routes of inflammasome activation. These results showed that ANP and BNP anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions may involve the inhibition of all the known routes of inflammasome activation. Thus, NPs might be proposed for the treatment of the plethora of diseases caused by a dysregulated inflammasome activation. 相似文献
We focus on the problem of link prediction in Knowledge Graphs, with the goal of discovering new facts. To this purpose, Energy-Based Models for Knowledge Graphs that embed entities and relations in continuous vector spaces have been largely used. The main limitation in their applicability lies in the parameter learning phase, which may require a large amount of time for converging to optimal solutions. In this article, we first propose an unified view on different Energy-Based Embedding Models. Hence, for improving the model training phase, we propose the adoption of adaptive learning rates. We show that, by adopting adaptive learning rates during training, we can improve the efficiency of the parameter learning process by an order of magnitude, while leading to more accurate link prediction models in a significantly lower number of iterations. We extensively evaluate the proposed learning procedure on a variety of new models: our result show a significant improvement over state-of-the-art link prediction methods on two large Knowledge Graphs, namely WordNet and Freebase. 相似文献
The objectives of this study were to measure the sorption capacity of a dilute solution of drugs in water on hydrophobic zeolites and to quantify aspects of their adsorption mechanisms for potential use in wastewater remediation. The removal of three drugs, erythromycin (ERY), carbamazepine (CBZ) and levofloxacin (FLX) from water using three organophilic zeolites (Y, mordenite (MOR), ZSM-5) was investigated. Adsorption isotherms show that these three drugs are adsorbed in remarkable amounts by Y. These data were confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis. The presence of these drugs inside the Y cage was revealed by unit cell parameter variations and structural deformations obtained by X-ray structure analyses carried out using the Rietveld method on zeolite after adsorption. Our results indicate that the adsorption properties of zeolitic materials do not only depend on micropore size and that zeolite shape selectivity also depends on structural features which are difficult to determine “a priori”. In order to test the ability of organophilic zeolites in removing drugs from wastewater, the adsorption of ERY, FLX and CBZ on zeolite Y from water samples collected at the outlet of a wastewater treatment plant located in Northern Italy was determined. These drugs were almost completely adsorbed by Y zeolite, confirming that this material is suitable for removing drugs from wastewater. 相似文献