The development of new catalysts for the oxidation of chemical compounds with oxygen as cheap and environmentally oxidant is an important topic of the current research. Due to the risk of the formation of potentially explosive gas mixtures aerobic oxidation reactions have to be performed with consideration of the explosion prevention. A safety concept for aerobic oxidation reactions and the construction of an experimental plant is presented. The oxidative cleavage of methyl 9,10‐dihydroxystearate to azelaic acid methyl ester and pelargonic acid was investigated as a model reaction. 相似文献
Previous research suggests that environmental certification (EC) affects rental rates in non-residential buildings, but there is still little understanding of how tenants differentiate such buildings from those without EC. This paper examines whether and how tenants perceive value creation in EC premises in Sweden. The findings (based on 29 questionnaire responses and 14 interviews with tenants in EC buildings) inform landlords and tenants on the development of EC strategies for improved organizational outcomes. EC creates value for tenants principally as support for their environmental management and reporting (e.g., low energy demand). EC is important for tenants internally, raising employee environmental awareness and improving employee attraction and retention. Tenants are generally positive about employee morale, indoor environmental quality (IEQ) and rental costs. However, it is not clear if such perceptions are dependent on features of modern premises in general, such as new fixtures, fittings and furnishings, and space-efficiency or from some EC-related feature. Tenants do not identify health or productivity increase in their EC premises. Findings suggest that the research focus should be shifted from investigating health and productivity increases through IEQ improvement to understanding the motivational improvement through value alignment with employees through EC. 相似文献
For the purpose of modelling the impact of carbon on radiation damage phenomena in steels, we have performed an extensive set of first principle calculations on the Fe-Cr-C system. The calculated solution and diffusion enthalpies of carbon in iron and in chromium agree well with experimental data, as do the relative formation energies of mono-carbides, cementite, Hägg and M23C6 carbides. Our data further indicate that interstitial carbon is attracted to a solute iron atom in bcc chromium, while the reaction between carbon and a solute chromium atom in bcc iron is repulsive. An empirical potential fitted to data for iron carbides is capable of reproducing melting behaviour of cementite, while the predicted interaction with point defects agrees less well with DFT data than a potential recently published by Hepburn and Ackland. 相似文献
Rubber materials filled with reinforcing fillers display nonlinear rheological behavior at small strain amplitudes below γ0 < 0.1. Nevertheless, rheological data are analyzed mostly in terms of linear parameters, such as shear moduli (G′, G″), which loose their physical meaning in the nonlinear regime. In this work styrene butadiene rubber filled with carbon black (CB) under large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) is analyzed in terms of the nonlinear parameter I3/1. Three different CB grades are used and the filler load is varied between 0 and 70 phr. It is found that I3/1(φ) is most sensitive to changes of the total accessible filler surface area at low strain amplitudes (γ0 = 0.32). The addition of up to 70 phr CB leads to an increase of I3/1(φ) by a factor of more than ten. The influence of the measurement temperature on I3/1 is pronounced for CB levels above the percolation threshold.