The hyper-deBruijn networks: scalable versatile architecture

Both Hypercube and deBruijn networks possess desirable properties. It should be understood, though, that some of the attractive features of one are not found in the other. The architecture proposed in this paper is a combination of these architectures, providing some of the desirable properties of both the networks such as admitting many computationally important networks, flexibility in terms of connections per node as well as level of fault-tolerance. Also the network allows a simple VLSI layout, scalability as well as decomposability. Thus, these networks can be a potential candidate for VLSI multiprocessor networks. The proposed network possesses logarithmic diameter, optimal connectivity, and simple routing algorithms amendable to networks with faults. Importantly, in addition to being pancyclic, these hyper-deBruijn networks admit most computationally important subnetworks including rings, multidimensional meshes, complete binary trees, and mesh of trees with perfect dilation. Techniques for optimal one-to-all (OTA) broadcasting in these networks are presented. As an intermediate result, this technique provides the fastest OTA broadcasting in binary deBruijn networks as well. The recent renewed interest in binary deBruijn networks makes this later result valuable     

A mathematical model for industrial projects location

The location of an industrial project is one of the major decisions an entrepreneur has to take. The classical approach in locational analysis is based on cost minimization (especially the aggregate transport cost). Later investigations have dealt with profit maximization. This paper presents the method of developing a comprehensive model for determining the optimum plant location for an industry—considering both the objective (quantitative) factors and the subjective (non-quantitative) factors. The approach followed here identifies all the objective factors and the subjective factors at the micro level and optimizes the overall benefit to the entrepreneur. A method has been devised to evaluate the intangible factors and to combine them with the tangible factors to obtain the overall locational measure. This is done by converting the factors into consistent and dimensionless indices for comprehensive evaluation. Thus the model presented here can be used as a tool to determine the optimum plant location for a new industrial project and also to establish priorities among the feasible plant locations.     

Removal of nickel from aqueous solutions using crab shells

Partially converted crab shell waste, which contains chitosan, was used to remove nickel from water. The chelating ability of chitosan makes it an excellent adsorbent for removing pollutants. Advantages of chitosan in crab shells include availability, low cost, and high biocompatibility. The metal uptake by partially converted crab shell waste was successful and rapid. The sorption occurred primarily within 5 min. The sorption mechanism appears to be quite complicated and cannot be adequately described by either the Langmuir or Freundlich theories. Various anions, including chloride, bromide, fluoride, acetate, sulfate, nitrate, and phosphate, were found to have a very small effect on the capacity of the crab shells for uptake of nickel. The effect of pH was also found not to be prominent.     

Application of carbon nanomaterial as a microwave absorber

Microwave absorption (8 GHz to 12 GHz) studies have been made with carbon nanomaterials for the first time. Carbon nanomaterials are synthesized by the pyrolysis of camphor. It is observed that film of carbon prepared under certain synthetic condition, can absorb microwave of either some specific wavelengths e.g., 9.5 GHz and 11.5 GHz or full range from 8-12 GHz to the extent of 20 dB depending upon their preparation condition. Carbon nanobeads seems to absorb the microwave in the range of 8-12 GHz.     

Error Detecting Dual Basis Bit Parallel Systolic Multiplication Architecture over GF（2^m）

An error tolerant hardware efficient verylarge scale integration （VLSI） architecture for bitparallel systolic multiplication over dual base, which canbe pipelined, is presented. Since this architecture has thefeatures of regularity, modularity and unidirectionaldata flow, this structure is well suited to VLSIimplementations. The length of the largest delay pathand area of this architecture are less compared to the bitparallel systolic multiplication architectures reportedearlier. The architecture is implemented using Austria Micro System＇s 0.35 μm CMOS （complementary metaloxide semiconductor） technology. This architecture canalso operate over both the dual-base and polynomialbase.     

Effect of Ni<Superscript>2+</Superscript>, V<Superscript>4+</Superscript> and Mo<Superscript>6+</Superscript> concentration on iron oxidation by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans</Emphasis>

The ferrous oxidation ability of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans was studied in the presence of Ni²⁺, V⁴⁺ and Mo⁶⁺ in 9 K media in order to implement the culture in the bioleaching of spent catalyst. The rate of iron oxidation decreased with increasing concentration of metal ions, but the rate of inhibition was metal-ion dependent. The tolerance limit was critical at a concentration of 25 g/L Ni²⁺, 5 g/L V⁴⁺ and 0.03 g/L Mo⁶⁺. The growth rate of microorganisms was negligible at concentrations of 6 g/L V⁴⁺ and 0.04 g/L Mo⁶⁺. Levels and degree of toxicity of these ions have been quantified in terms of a toxicity index (TI). The toxicity order of metal ions was found to be Mo⁶⁺>V⁴⁺>Ni²⁺. The significance and relevance of multi-metal ion tolerance in Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans has been highlighted with respect to bioleaching of spent refinery catalyst.