Mixing Studies Related to the Cleaning of Molten Aluminium

Molten aluminium is traditionally “cleaned” by a chlorine‐based fluxing gas. This gas also has to provide the motive power for mixing. Recently, mechanical agitation with solid fluxes has been considered as a replacement for environmental reasons. Here, these two methods of mixing are compared using particle image velocimetry (PIV), decolourisation for homogenisation and power measurement for comparison of efficiencies. A geometrically scaled‐down vessel was used, with air to mimic “chlorine” fluxing and with water as the working fluid. At equivalent mean specific energy dissipation rates, _T, maximum velocities are higher and mixing times are shorter with an impeller. This improved performance is achieved with the impeller without causing surface gas entrainment, the latter being detrimental to fluxing.     

Green synthesis,characterisation and biological studies of AgNPs prepared using Shivlingi (Bryonia laciniosa) seed extract

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Shivlingi (Bryonia laciniosa) seed extract was carried out. Characterisation of synthesised nanoparticles was accomplished through the optical absorption and photoluminescence spectrum, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The XRD analysis further confirmed the size of nanoparticles ∼15 nm. TEM images revealed homogeneous spherical ∼10 nm Bryonia extract capped AgNPs. The biological studies indicated that both Bryonia seed extract and the nanoparticles lack anti‐microbial activity; however, the nanoparticles had better cytotoxicity and total antioxidant activity. The Lethal concentration (LC)₅₀ value of water extract and the nanoparticles were found to be 1091 and 592 μg/ml, respectively. The lower LC₅₀ of nanoparticles indicates that it is more cytotoxic than the crude extract. The results indicate that the Bryonia seed is safe to be used as a medicine and the formation of their nanoparticle has further enriched the chemical reactivity, energy absorption and biological mobility.Inspec keywords: silver, nanoparticles, nanomedicine, particle size, microorganisms, cellular biophysics, nanofabrication, photoluminescence, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, Raman spectra, antibacterial activity, biochemistryOther keywords: green synthesis, biological studies, Shivlingi seed extraction, Bryonia laciniosa, silver nanoparticles, optical absorption, photoluminescence spectrum, X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, SEM, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, XRD analysis, nanoparticle size, TEM images, homogeneous spherical images, antioxidant activity, water extraction, chemical reactivity, energy absorption, biological mobility, Ag     

Experimental Analysis of Pseudospark Sourced Electron Beam

The pseudospark (PS) discharge has been shown to be a promising source of high brightness, high intensity electron beam pulses. The PS discharge sourced electron beam has potential applications in plasma filled microwave sources where normal material cathode cannot be used. Analysis of the electron beam profile has been done experimentally for different applied voltages. The investigation has been carried out at different axial and radial location inside the drift space in argon atmosphere. This paper represents experimentally found axial and radial variation of the beam current inside the drift tube of PS discharge based plasma cathode electron (PCE) gun. With the help of current density estimation the focusing and defocusing point of electron beam in axial direction can be analyzed.     

Repurposing chia seed oil: A versatile novel functional food

Chia seed oil (CSO) has been recently gaining tremendous interest as a functional food. The oil is rich in with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially, alpha linolenic acid (ALA), linoleic acid (LA), tocopherols, phenolic acids, vitamins, and antioxidants. Extracting CSO through green technologies has been highly efficient, cost-effective, and sustainable, which has also shown to improve its nutritional potential and proved to be eco-friendly than any other traditional or conventional processes. Due to the presence of valuable bioactive metabolites, CSO is proving to be a revolutionary source for food, baking, dairy, pharmaceutical, livestock feed, and cosmetic industries. CSO has been reported to possess antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, antioxidant, antihyperlipidemic, insect-repellent, and skin-healing properties. However, studies on toxicological safety and commercial potency of CSO are limited and therefore the need of the hour is to focus on large-scale molecular mechanistic and clinical studies, which may throw light on the possible translational opportunities of CSO to be utilized to its complete potential. In this review, we have deliberated on the untapped therapeutical possibilities and novel findings about this functional food, its biochemical composition, extraction methods, nutritional profiling, oil stability, and nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications for its health benefits and ability to counter various diseases.     

Group mobility by cooperative communication for high speed railway

Wireless Networks - The high speed railway (HSR) provides more convenience to people, so the main attention is given to provide the reliable communication inside the train. It is the challenging...     

Ordering in disguise: digital integration in built-environment practices

ABSTRACT

The digital integration of built-environment practices aims to bridge a large variety of organizations to improve building delivery and operation. However, recent research on building information modelling (BIM) reported organizational challenges arising from digital integration. This suggests a need to develop a critical perspective on digital-integration-driven organizational change. Adopting a practice-based approach, this paper exposes the practice-level phenomenon responsible for the ongoing change to develop a critical understanding and enable better interventions. The concepts of ‘simplification’ and ‘systematization’ of digital integration are developed from previous literature and then used to explore and interrelate the practice-level experiences of digital integration (i.e. the experience of the change from within) and the emerging patterns of interactions (i.e. the picture of the change from outside) in a BIM-enabled design project. The concept of ‘ordering in disguise’ is proposed to capture this phenomenon. It shows that practitioners experience digital integration as various task-specific instances of unresponsive technology. However, they are unaware that their ongoing efforts to accommodate it actually further reinforce digital integration’s simplification and systematization. This makes the unresponsiveness of technology harder to challenge, and ultimately forces the organization to change and adapt to it. Implications for management of practice are outlined.     

Computation of the homogenization regime for aluminum alloy AA2219 on the basis of diffusion theory

An analytical evaluation of homogenization of aluminum alloy AA2219 with different grain sizes is performed. The homogenization parameters are computed with the use of diffusion laws and under the assumption that a low-melting eutectic can form in alloys of the Al-Cu system. With allowance for the difference in the grain sizes a two-stage homogenization regime is shown to be optimum for alloy AA2219.     

Comparison of Surface Coatings by Plasma Spray Technique and Biomimetic Deposition on Ti Alloy Substrate: Morphology,Composition, and Corrosion Resistance Property

Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - In this study, hydroxyapatite (HAP) coatings were deposited on Ti alloy substrate by biomimetic method deposition and plasma spray...     

单重和多重调谐质量惯容阻尼器控制连体超高层建筑风振响应比较研究

连体超高层建筑因存在强烈的气动干扰,在强风下可能会出现大幅相对振动,调谐质量惯容阻尼器(TMDI)是一种振动控制装置,其惯容器两端的相对加速度较大时,TMDI振动控制效果较好.结合两者各自的特点提出了多重调谐质量惯容阻尼器(MTMDI)控制连体超高层建筑的风振响应,两个TMDI分别控制两栋建筑各自的一阶自振频率.首先建...     

Automatic recognition of machining features from a solid model using the 2D feature pattern

Feature recognition systems are now widely identified as a cornerstone for conceiving an automated process planning system. Various techniques have been reported in the literature, but a few of them acquired a status of generic methodology. A flexible and robust approach is demanded for recognising a wide variety of features, e.g., non-interacting, interacting circular and slanting features. This research aims to exploit the concept of the ray - firing technique, in which a 2D surface pattern for each feature is generated and information is extracted from these patterns to correlate it with the corresponding machining features. The system first defines a virtual surface and then probing rays are dropped from each point of this surface to the 2.5D features of the B-rep solid model. According to the length of rays between the bottom face of the 2.5D machining features and the virtual surface, 2D feature patterns are formed for each machining feature. Finally, features are recognised using an algorithm described in this article. Different types of examples have been considered to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.