Amorphous Al2O3–ZrO2 composite powders with 5–30 mol% ZrO2 have been prepared by adding aqueous ammonia to the mixed solution of aqueous aluminum sulfate and zirconium alkoxide containing 2-propanol. Simultaneous crystallization of γ-Al2O3 and t -ZrO2 occurs at 870°–980°C. The γ-Al2O3 transforms to α-Al2O3 at 1160°–1220°C. Hot isostatic pressing has been performed for 1 h at 1400°C under 196 MPa using α-Al2O3– t -ZrO2 composite powders. Dense ZrO2-toughened Al2O3 (ZTA) ceramics with homogeneous-dispersed ZrO2 particles show excellent mechanical properties. The toughening mechanism is discussed. The microstructures and t / m ratios of ZTA are examined, with emphasis on the relation between strength and fracture toughness. 相似文献
A diagnostic system has been developed to obtain spatial and temporal profiles of shock front. A two-stage light-gas gun is used to accelerate impactors in velocity range with 4-9 km/s. The system consists of the Faraday-type electromagnetic sensors to measure impactor velocity, optical system with high-speed streak camera to measure shock-wave velocities, and the delay trigger system with self-adjustable pre-event pulse generator. We describe the specifications and performance of this system and data-analysis technique on the tilt and distortion of the shock front. Finally, we obtained the Hugoniot data of copper for system demonstration. 相似文献
By combining state‐of‐the‐art microscopy, spectrosccopy, and first‐principles calculations, atomic‐scale intermixing behavior at heterointerfaces in SrTiO3‐based superlattices is investigated. It is found that Nb is confined to a unit‐cell thickness without intermixing, whereas Ba diffuses only to the adjoining Nb‐doped SrTiO3 layer. It is revealed that the intermixing behaviors at the heterointerfaces are determined by not only the migration energy, but also by the vacancy‐formation energy and the Fermi energy of each layer. Based on these results, we find a method to control the atomic‐scale intermixing at the nonpolar heterointerfaces and clearly demonstrate the property improvements obtained by constructing an abrupt heterointerface. 相似文献
Synthesis of zeolite A from aluminoborosilicate glass used in liquid crystal display (LCD) panel glass substrate was attempted. Mixture of aluminoborosilicate glass and sodium aluminate was hydrothermally treated with sodium hydroxide solution for 10.8–345.6 ks at 368–423 K. Aluminoborosilicate glass was also acid treated with nitric acid before hydrothermal treatment. Obtained samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope observation. Zeolite A, hydroxysodalite, and zeolite P were synthesized, and with the specific conditions of hydrothermal treatment, a single phase of zeolite A was successfully obtained. Acid treatment was effective for synthesis of a single phase of zeolite A, because the components of aluminoborosilicate other than SiO2 preferentially eluted for acid solution and during following hydrothermal treatment SiO2 was supposed to elute for alkaline solution. Cation‐exchange capacities (CECs) were investigated for these products. It was clarified that CEC of the product with a single phase of zeolite A obtained from aluminoborosilicae glass was 4.2 mol/kg. CEC of the product consisted of zeolite A and hydroxysodalite was 3.9 mol/kg, and the one consisted of zeolite A, hydroxysodalite, and zeolite P was 2.6 mol/kg. This results shows that aluminoborosilicate glass could be expected to be recycled in zeolite A with good CEC by the appropriate process. 相似文献
A concise route to 3‐aryl‐1‐trifluoromethyltetrahydroisoquinolines by a benzylic [1,5]‐hydride shift‐mediated C H bond functionalization was developed. The [1,5]‐hydride shift of the benzylic C(sp3) H bond to the trifluoromethylketimine derived from para‐anisidine occurred smoothly to produce cis‐1‐trifluoromethyl‐3‐aryltetrahydroisoquinolines in good to excellent chemical yields with good diastereoselectivities. In contrast, use of the N H ketimine furnished N‐unprotected tetrahydroisoquinolines in good yields in favor of the trans‐isomer.
In obesity, adipocyte hypertrophy and chronic inflammation in adipose tissues cause insulin resistance and type‐2 diabetes. Trigonella foenum‐graecum (fenugreek) can ameliorate hyperglycemia and diabetes. However, the effects of fenugreek on adipocyte size and inflammation in adipose tissues have not been demonstrated. In this study, we determined the effects of fenugreek on adipocyte size and inflammation in adipose tissues in diabetic obese KK‐Ay mice, and identified the active substance in fenugreek. Treatment of KK‐Ay mice with a high fat diet supplemented with 2% fenugreek ameliorated diabetes. Moreover, fenugreek miniaturized the adipocytes and increased the mRNA expression levels of differentiation‐related genes in adipose tissues. Fenugreek also inhibited macrophage infiltration into adipose tissues and decreased the mRNA expression levels of inflammatory genes. In addition, we identified diosgenin, a major aglycone of saponins in fenugreek to promote adipocyte differentiation and to inhibit expressions of several molecular candidates associated with inflammation in 3T3‐L1 cells. These results suggest that fenugreek ameliorated diabetes by promoting adipocyte differentiation and inhibiting inflammation in adipose tissues, and its effects are mediated by diosgenin. Fenugreek containing diosgenin may be useful for ameliorating the glucose metabolic disorder associated with obesity. 相似文献
Polymer-dispersed perylene di-imide dye photodegradation is investigated by monitoring the fluorescence intensity as a function of 532 nm laser pulses. Anaerobically irradiated polymer-dye films exhibited an accelerated decrease in fluorescence intensity, which was partially recovered upon exposure to oxygen. Decelerated photodegradation rates were observed for perylene di-imide ethanol solutions upon the addition of a singlet oxygen quenching antioxidant. These observations suggest reversible photoreduction and type II photo-oxidation as important photodegradation mechanisms. Type II photo-oxidation for perylene red 532 nm irradiation is supported by a singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.09+/-0.03, determined via detection of time-resolved O2 (a1delta(g) --> X3sigma(g)-) infrared phosphorescence. 相似文献