Te concentration dependent photoemission and inverse-photoemission study of FeSe1?xTex

We have characterized the electronic structure of FeSe_1−xTe_x for various x values using soft x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (SXPES), high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy (HRPES) and inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES). The SXPES valence band spectral shape shows that the 2 eV feature in FeSe, which was ascribed to the lower Hubbard band in previous theoretical studies, becomes less prominent with increasing x. HRPES exhibits systematic x dependence of the structure near the Fermi level (E_F): its splitting near E_F and filling of the pseudogap in FeSe. IPES shows two features, near E_F and approximately 6 eV above E_F; the former may be related to the Fe 3d states hybridized with chalcogenide p states, while the latter may consist of plane-wave-like and Se d components. In the incident electron energy dependence of IPES, the density of states near E_F for FeSe and FeTe has the Fano lineshape characteristic of resonant behavior. These compounds exhibit different resonance profiles, which may reflect the differences in their electronic structures. By combining the PES and IPES data the on-site Coulomb energy was estimated at 3.5 eV for FeSe.     

Analysis of a manipulator in relation to collision between a link and an object

In this article, equations of motion of a manipulator are derived after consideration of the characteristics of the driving source. By considering a collision between a link and an object, and considering the active motion to absorb the kinetic energy of the object, the trajectories for saving energy are calculated by the iterative dynamic programming (IDP) method. The dynamic characteristics of manipulator control based on the trajectory for saving energy are also analyzed theoretically and investigated experimentally.     

Water Quality Improvement by Combined UF,RO, and Ozone/Hydrogen Peroxide System (HiPOx) in the Water Reclamation Process

Conventional water reclamation processes, such as membrane bioreactors, are not always effective in removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and/or N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), even with the reverse osmosis (RO) membrane process. A study was conducted, at a NEWater factory in Singapore, to compare a conventional ultrafiltration (UF) membrane /RO treatment process with a treatment train having the HiPOx unit, an advanced oxidation process (AOP), which was installed between the UF and the RO unit operations. By incorporating the HiPOx into the UF/RO treatment process, following results were observed; 1) increased removal of PPCPs, EDCs and NDMA, 2) improvement in ultraviolet transmission (UVT) of the RO permeate, 3) enhanced removal of TOC and color, and increased UVT of the RO brine, 4) suppression of the increase in the RO transmembrane pressure by organic fouling.     

Electron cyclotron resonance plasma production by using pulse mode microwaves and dependences of ion beam current and plasma parameters on the pulse condition

We measure the ion beam current and the plasma parameters by using the pulse mode microwave operation in the first stage of a tandem type ECRIS. The time averaged extracted ion beam current in the pulse mode operation is larger than that of the cw mode operation with the same averaged microwave power. The electron density n(e) in the pulse mode is higher and the electron temperature T(e) is lower than those of the cw mode operation. These plasma parameters are considered to cause in the increase of the ion beam current and are suitable to produce molecular or cluster ions.     

Morphological patterns of angiogenesis in ovarian follicle capillary networks. A scanning electron microscopy study of corrosion cast

To describe the morphological characteristics of the ovarian follicle (F) capillary neoformation and regression, the angiogenic figures were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy of corrosion casts in developing and mature F of rabbit, pig, and cow. Developing F showed gradual neoformation of thecal capillaries characterized by budding and then sprouting, likely from preexisting interstitial vessels. Postcapillary venules frequently showed vasoconstriction rings (sphincters). Vasodilation followed capillary elongation. Mature F, in addition to vessel elongation and dilation, also presented infolding of dilated capillary walls, followed by capillary duplication and sinusoidalization. Periovulatory F mainly showed functional changes, such as capillary dilation, signs of iperpermeabilization, and ischemia, the latter being limited to the apical follicular area. Vessel regression was characterized by thinning of capillaries and presence of avascular areas within the atretic F wall at any stage. This study showed two main types of angiogenic patterns. (a) longitudinal elongation (in series, sprouting angiogenesis) characterizing the initial phase of F development and (b) parallel duplication (in parallel, infolding or intussusceptive angiogenesis), ending in capillary lateral replication or splitting, secondary to functional microvascular changes. Indirect evidence of the establishment of postcapillary resistances contributing to capillary remodeling, was also shown. It is concluded that the sequence of capillary neoformation in mammalian ovarian F occurs in six steps: (1) budding, (2) sprouting (and elongation), (3) dilation, (4) infolding (intussusception), (5) duplication (splitting and elongation), and (6) sinusoidalization. Capillary regression hits F at any stage and characterizes F atresia.     

On-machine measurement of a cylindrical surface with sinusoidal micro-structures by an optical slope sensor

This paper describes the measurement of a cylindrical surface with sinusoidal micro-structures over a large area on a diamond turning machine. The sinusoidal micro-structures, which are fabricated on the periphery surface of a cylinder by the fast tool servo-based diamond turning, are superposition of periodic sine-waves along the cylinder axis and the cylinder circumference with amplitudes of 100 nm and wavelengths of 100 μm, respectively. An optical two-dimensional (2D) slope sensor with a multi-spot light beam is developed for measurement of the 2D local slopes of the sinusoidal micro-structured surface. A cylindrical lens is employed in the sensor for removing the influence of the curvature of the cylinder surface. Experiments of fabrication and measurement of the sinusoidal micro-structured surface on an ultra-precision diamond turning machine are carried out.     

Photocatalysts using hexa- and octa-titanates with different tunnel space for water decomposition

Photocatalytic activities for water decomposition were examined for photocatalysts using hexa- and octa-titanates and TiO2(B) with different tunnel space in the structure. Using RuO2 as promoter, M2Ti6O13 (M = Li, Na, K, Rb) showed the stoichiometric production of Hz and O₂ except for Li, whereas H₂Ti₈O₁₇ and TiO₂(B) had very low activity producing only hydrogen as a product. The effects of promoters on Na₂Ti₆O₁₃ showed that the activity increased in the order of RuO₂ > RuO₂ + IrO₂ > IrO₂ > RuO₂ + Pt > MnO₂. These effects along with other related ones are discussed: it emerges that the presence of the tunnels is important for the achievement of high photocatalytic activity.     

Application of principal-component analysis on near-infrared spectroscopic data of vegetable oils for their classification

In the near-infrared (NIR) spectra of oil, information about fatty acid composition is concentrated in the range of 1600–2200 nm. Principal-component analysis (PCA) was applied on the standardized full NIR spectral data of this region for vegetable oils to totally capture the NIR spectral pattern. Nine varieties of vegetable oils (soybean, corn, cottonseed, olive, rice bran, peanut, rapeseed, sesame and coconut oil) could be successfully classified from their PCA scores. Examining the contribution of wavelengths to PCA scores showed that wavelengths with a high loading weight were assigned to characteristic absorption regions that correspond to specific fatty acid moieties. This classification is related to the fatty acid composition of an oil, and it can be carried out rapidly and easily after eigenvectors were obtained.     

Role of support in reforming of CH4 with CO2 over Rh catalysts

The reforming of CH₄ with CO₂ over supported Rh catalysts has been studied over a range of temperatures (550–1000 K). A significant effect of the support on the catalytic activity was observed, where the order was Rh/Al₂O₃>Rh/TiO₂>Rh/SiO₂. The catalytic activity of Rh/SiO₂ was promoted markedly by physical mixing of Rh/SiO₂ with metal oxides such as Al₂O₃, TiO₂, and MgO, indicating a synergetic effect. The role of the metal oxides used as the support and the physical mixture may be ascribed to the promotion in dissociation of CO₂ on the surface of Rh, since the CH₄ + CO₂ reaction is first order in the pressure of CO₂, suggesting that CO₂ dissociation is the rate-determining step. The possible model of the synergetic effect was proposed.