Network Functions Virtualization for Mobile Core and Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

Wireless Personal Communications - Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is a network architecture concept to improve network performance. This concept empowers the network capacities and reduces...     

ATM test-bed architecture for training purposes

Due to the recent tremendous growth in ATM products, there is a strong need for training and education for engineers working in the field of ATM networks. This paper describes the architecture of an ATM test-bed that can be used to provide such training. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Salt-induced modulation in inorganic nutrients, antioxidant enzymes, proline content and seed oil composition in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

BACKGROUND: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) has gained considerable ground as a potential oil‐seed crop. However, its yield and oil production are adversely affected under saline conditions. The present study was conducted to appraise the influence of salt (NaCl) stress on yield, accumulation of different inorganic elements, free proline and activities of some key antioxidant enzymes in plant tissues as well as seed oil components in safflower. Two safflower accessions differing in salt tolerance (Safflower‐33 (salt sensitive) and Safflower‐39 (salt tolerant)) were grown under saline (150 mmol L^?1) conditions and salt‐induced changes in the earlier‐mentioned physiological attributes were determined. RESULTS: Salt stress enhanced leaf and root Na⁺, Cl^? and proline accumulation and activities of leaf superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase, while it decreased K⁺, Ca²⁺ and K⁺/Ca²⁺ and Ca²⁺/Na⁺ ratios and seed yield, 100‐seed weight, number of seeds, as well as capitula, seed oil contents and oil palmitic acid. No significant effect of salt stress was observed on seed oil α‐tocopherols, stearic acid, oleic acid or linoleic acid contents. Of the two safflower lines, salt‐sensitive Safflower‐33 was higher in leaf and root Na⁺ and Cl^?, while Safflower‐39 was higher in leaf and root K⁺, K⁺/Ca²⁺ and Ca²⁺/Na⁺ and seed yield, 100‐seed weight, catalase activity, seed oil contents, seed oil α‐tocopherol and palmitic acid. Other attributes remained almost unaffected in both accessions. CONCLUSION: Overall, high salt tolerance of Safflower‐39 could be attributed to Na⁺ and Cl^? exclusion, high accumulation of K⁺ and free proline, enhanced CAT activity, seed oil α‐tocopherols and palmitic acid contents. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Do Energy Resources matter for Growth Level? The dynamic effects of different strategies of renewable energy,carbon emissions on sustainable economic growth

Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy - This study examines the association between renewable energy strategies and carbon emissions on sustainable economic growth under affordable and clean...     

圆弧焊接薄壁圆筒残余应力场的分析研究

由于圆弧焊接的薄壁圆筒在高科技工程,如航空机器、压力容器和核工程中的广泛应用,对焊接导致的如焊接变形和残余应力等缺陷的研究就显得非常重要。介绍了一个计算程序,用以分析低碳钢薄壁圆筒在圆弧焊接中的温度分布以及随后将产生的残余应力场。基于数值模拟的参数研究用于分析焊接所产生的残余应力中的关键参数的影响。考虑了低碳钢、焊丝和双椭圆热源模型的基于温度的热机械性能。通过全尺寸焊接试验中的瞬时温度分布和残余应力场证实了有限元模拟方法的精确性。其目的在于提供数据以证实薄壁圆筒现有焊接工艺的有效性,从而将预加应力导致的结构在使用期间失效的可能性降至最低。     

Silver nanoparticles and silver salt (AgNO3) elicits morphogenic and biochemical variations in callus cultures of sugarcane

The research work was arranged to check the role of AgNPs and silver ions on callus cells of sugarcane (Saccharum spp. cv CP‐77,400). AgNPs were synthesized chemically and characterized by UV‐Vis spectra, XRD and SEM. AgNPs and silver ions were applied in various concentrations (0, 20, 40, 60 ppm) to sugarcane calli and the induced stress was characterized by studying various morphological and biochemical parameters. AgNPs and silver ions treatments produced high levels of malondialdehyde, proline, proteins, TP and TF contents. Similarly, CAT, SOD and POX activity was also significant in both treatments. The lower concentration of AgNPs and silver ions (20 ppm) provided maximum intracellular GSH level. This work mainly showed effects of AgNPs and silver ions on sugarcane calli in terms of morphological aberrations and cell membrane damage due to severe oxidative stress and production of enhanced levels of enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidants as self‐defence to tolerate oxidative stress by scavenging reactive oxygen species. These preliminary findings will provide the way to study ecotoxicity mechanism of the metal ions and NPs in medicine industry and in vitro toxicity research. Furthermore, silver ions alone and their chemically synthesised AgNPs can be used for various biomedical applications in future.Inspec keywords: nanoparticles, biomedical materials, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, silver, molecular biophysics, toxicology, enzymes, visible spectra, nanofabrication, ultraviolet spectra, microorganisms, nanotechnology, plant diseases, crops, agricultural safetyOther keywords: silver nanoparticles, silver salt, scanning electron microscopy, total flavonoid contents, callus cultures, sugarcane cultivation, Saccharum spp, UV‐visible spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis, malondialdehyde, proline, proteins, total phenolic content, catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidases activities, scavenging reactive oxygen species, biomedical applications, microbial disease resistance, AgNO₃ , Ag     

An investigation of LPCVD and PECVD of in situ doped polycrystalline silicon for VLSI

In general, high-temperature processes cause thermal stresses and diffusion of dopants, resulting in reduced device yields. It is thus desirable to reduce the number of high-temperature steps and the use of an in situ doping technique eliminates one such step. In this investigation, low-pressure chemical vapour deposition (LPCVD) and plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) have been utilised to deposit in situ doped polycrystalline silicon films. The process characteristics and properties such as spreading resistance, grain structure, etch rate using a plasma and dopant concentrations of these films have been investigated and explained using a simple model for dopant activation and grain growth. It is shown that good-quality films suitable for VLSI can be produced.     

Decode and forward polar coding for Half-duplex two-relay channels based on multilevel construction

Polar codes represent an emerging class of error-correcting codes with power to approach the capacity of the physically degraded relay channel and relevant coding schemes have been proposed in the literature. This paper aims to design new cooperative decode-and-forward (DF) polar coding schemes for half-duplex two-relay channel based on the Plotkin’s construction illustrating their performances gain. In these schemes, we consider the use of time-division process in transmission. The source node transmits its polar-coded information to both relays and the destination nodes during the first time slot. Each relay node receives the data from the source and processes it using the DF protocol. For the second transmission period, each relay first decodes the source signal then after reconstruction of the information reduction matrix based on the multilevel characteristics of polar codes, the extracted data at each relay are recoded using another polar code and transmitted to the destination. At destination node, the signals received from each relay and source nodes are processed by using multi-joint successive cancellation decoding for retrieving the original information bits. We demonstrate via simulation results that by carefully constructed polarisation matrix at each relay node, we can achieve the theoretical capacity in the half-duplex relay channel.     

Correction to: Network Functions Virtualization for Mobile Core and Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

Wireless Personal Communications -     

Seed germination and biochemical profile of Citrus reticulata (Kinnow) exposed to green synthesised silver nanoparticles

The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is substantial for its applications in different fields. The Moringa oleifera leaves were used as reducing and stabilising agent for the biosynthesis of AgNPs. The synthesised AgNPs were characterised through UV–visible spectroscopy, zeta analyser, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive Xray (EDX). In this study, effects of the synthesised AgNPs were also evaluated on nucellus tissues germination frequency and biochemical parameters of plant tissues. Nucellus tissues of Citrus reticulata were inoculated on MS medium supplemented with 10, 20, 30 and 40 µg/ml suspension of the synthesised AgNPs. Green synthesised AgNPs enhanced the in vitro germination because of low toxicity and nonfriendly issues. Significant results were obtained for germination parameters i.e. root and shoot length and seedling vigour index in response to 30 µg/ml suspension of green synthesised AgNPs. The 30 µ/ml suspension of AgNPs also enhanced antioxidant activity (41%) and SOD activity (0.36 nM/min/mg FW) while total phenolic content (4.7 µg/mg FW) and total flavonoid content (1.1 µg/mg FW) was significantly high when MS medium was fortified with 40 µg/ml suspension of the synthesised AgNPs. The content of total protein was significant (558 µg/BSA Eq/mg FW) in control plantlets as compared to the other treatments.Inspec keywords: antibacterial activity, ultraviolet spectra, X‐ray chemical analysis, proteins, microorganisms, biochemistry, nanofabrication, silver, nanotechnology, visible spectra, surface plasmon resonance, nanoparticles, suspensions, nanomedicine, scanning electron microscopy, electrokinetic effectsOther keywords: green synthesised silver nanoparticles, superoxide dismutase activity, biochemical profile, UV–visible spectroscopy, Citrus reticulata, green synthesised suspension, EDX detector, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy, SEM, energy dispersive X‐ray, EDX, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, size 423.0 nm to 425.0 nm, size 8.0 nm to 28.0 nm