Effects of high pressure treatment on physicochemical characteristics of fresh sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

The effects of high pressure (HP) treatment (pressure: 220–250–330 MPA; holding time: 5 and 10 min; temperature: 3, 7, 15 and 25°C) on physicochemical characteristics (colour, thiobarbituric acid, trimethylamine nitrogen values) of fresh sea bass fillets were investigated. HP-treated sea bass fillets had higher lightness (Hunter L*) values than untreated sea bass fillets; the magnitude of changes increased with treatment pressure. HP-induced changes in colour generally imparted a cooked sample. The TBA value of HP treated sea bass samples (except 220–330 MPa, 3°C for 5 min) were found to be insignificant (P > 0.05) or significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the untreated samples. TMA-N content of HP treated at 220–250–330 MPa, 3–7–25°C for 10 min sea bass samples were found to insignificant according to the untreated samples. The results obtained from this study showed that the quality of high pressure treated sea bass is best preserved at 220 MPa, 25°C for 5 min.     

Effects of high pressure treatment on physicochemical characteristics of fresh sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

The effects of high pressure (HP) treatment (pressure: 220–250–330 MPA; holding time: 5 and 10 min; temperature: 3, 7, 15 and 25°C) on physicochemical characteristics (colour, thiobarbituric acid, trimethylamine nitrogen values) of fresh sea bass fillets were investigated. HP-treated sea bass fillets had higher lightness (Hunter L*) values than untreated sea bass fillets; the magnitude of changes increased with treatment pressure. HP-induced changes in colour generally imparted a cooked sample. The TBA value of HP treated sea bass samples (except 220–330 MPa, 3°C for 5 min) were found to be insignificant (P > 0.05) or significantly (P < 0.05) lower than the untreated samples. TMA-N content of HP treated at 220–250–330 MPa, 3–7–25°C for 10 min sea bass samples were found to insignificant according to the untreated samples. The results obtained from this study showed that the quality of high pressure treated sea bass is best preserved at 220 MPa, 25°C for 5 min.     

The effect of high molecular weight polyacrylamide on the sedimentation behavior of kaolin in the presence of hydroquinone

The effect of high molecular weight polyacrylamide (PAAM; 5×10⁶) and hydroquinone (HQ) on the sedimentation rate of kaolin suspensions was investigated by sedimentation, viscosimetric and UV spectrophotometric measurements. The sedimentation rates decreased exponentially with increasing HQ concentrations. PAAM solutions were prepared by dissolution of the same quantity of PAAM in aqueous HQ solutions with different concentrations. Viscosity of these solutions was observed to decrease exponentially with increasing HQ concentrations. Both the decrease in sedimentation rate and the viscosity were attributed to the reduction of the size of the macromolecular coil resulting from the breaking of intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonds by HQ molecules. UV spectrophotometric results of the PAAM and HQ solutions were also in good accordance with the sedimentation and viscosimetric results.     

Synthesis,characterization and biological activity of 3‐(1‐cyclohexyl)azetidinyl methacrylate monomer and its homopolymer

3‐(1‐Cyclohexyl)azetidiniyl methacrylate (CyAMA), a new methacrylate monomer, was synthesized by reaction of the sodium salt of 1‐cyclohexylazetidin‐3‐ol with methacryloyl chloride. The monomer was polymerized at 60 °C in 1,4‐dioxane solution using 2,2′‐ azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as an initiator. CyAMA and poly(CyAMA) were characterized by FTIR and ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The activation energy of the initiation step of the polymerization was estimated from initial rates, and the number average molecular weight of the homopolymer was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The antibacterial and antifungal effects of the monomer and homopolymer were investigated on various bacteria and fungi. The thermal stability of poly(CyAMA) was investigated by TGA, and its glass transition temperature was determined by DSC as 93 °C. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Convergence analysis of central and minimax algorithms in scalar regressor models

In this paper, the estimation of a scalar parameter is considered with given lower and upper bounds of the scalar regressor. We derive non-asymptotic, lower and upper bounds on the convergence rates of the parameter estimate variances of the central and the minimax algorithms for noise probability density functions characterized by a thin tail distribution. This presents an extension of the previous work for constant scalar regressors to arbitrary scalar regressors with magnitude constraints. We expect our results to stimulate further research interests in the statistical analysis of these set-based estimators when the unknown parameter is multi-dimensional and the probability distribution function of the noise is more general than the present setup.     

Iodine content of cooked and processed fish in Turkey

This study evaluates the effects of different cooking (grilling, frying and steaming) and processing (smoking, salting, marinating and drying) methods on iodine contents of valuable marine and freshwater fish species commonly consumed in Turkey. The highest mean iodine content of cooked fish was determined to be 3.760 mg kg^?1, 2.788 mg kg^?1, 5.831 mg kg^?1 and 6.161 mg kg^?1 in grilled anchovy, horse mackerel, Atlantic Bonito and whiting, 0.914 mg kg^?1, 1.452 mg kg^?1, 3.106 mg kg^?1 in steamed bluefish, red mullet. The highest mean iodine content of processed fish was determined to be 2.149 mg kg^?1 in smoked mackerel, 0.701 mg kg^?1 in salted Bonito, 1.128 mg kg^?1 in dried horse mackerel and 7.283 mg kg^?1 in marinated anchovy. This iodine values are also above the Upper Tolerable Nutrient Level of 100–150 μg day^?1 iodine.     

The effect of exfoliation and plasma application on the properties of continuous graphene oxide fiber

This study has been performed on continuous graphene oxide fiber produced by different production parameters which has very large potential application areas such as electronic/smart textiles, sensors, energy. In this study, three different graphene oxide dispersion preparation methods; namely, Modified Hummers, Modified Hummers on exfoliated graphite and Modified Hummers with plasma application; have been used to prepare coagulated continuous graphene oxide fibers. The effect of production parameters on properties of continuous graphene oxide fibers have been measured by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), X-Ray Photoelectron Microscopy (XPS), tensile tester, electrical conductivity device. It was observed that exfoliation process results with decrease of fiber Tex count, fiber surface roughness, oxygen functional groups and an increase of breaking strength and electrical conductivity, while plasma application results to an increase of surface roughness of fiber, oxygen functional groups and decrease of breaking strength of fiber.     

Invitro digestion and absorption efficiency of homogenised milk lipids

The effects of homogenisation, heat treatment and their order on in vitro gastric/pancreatic digestions, and in vitro absorption of milk lipids, expressed as free fatty acids, were investigated. Milk, cream or mixture of homogenised/heat‐treated cream and skim milk were subjected to gastric digestion at pH 2 or 6, followed by pancreatic digestion and cell absorption by CaCo‐2 cells. Heat treatment after or prior to homogenisation affected in vitro digestion efficiencies of milk lipids. The presence of milk proteins led to reductions in the levels of gastric/pancreatic digestion of homogenised milk lipids. Absorption of FFA was not affected by gastric digestion pH.     

Is there any interaction of resistin and adiponectin levels with protein‐energy wasting among patients with chronic kidney disease

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of adipocytokines including adiponectin, leptin, resistin, neuropeptide Y and ghrelin in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients on appearance of protein‐energy wasting (PEW). One hundred fifty patients with mean age of 45.4 ± 15.9 years, without active infections or chronic inflammatory conditions were recruited into the study. Study groups were control group (consisting of 30 healthy volunteers with normal kidney functions), hemodialysis group, predialysis group, peritoneal dialysis group and kidney transplant group. Fasting morning serum leptin, ghrelin, acylated ghrelin, neuropeptide Y, adiponectin, resistin levels of all of the groups were measured. Anthropometric and nutritional assessments of all patients were obtained. Diagnosis of PEW was made according to definition recommended by the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism. Presence of PEW in hemodialysis (23.3%) and peritoneal dialysis (26.7%) groups were significantly higher than those of predialysis (3.3%), and transplantation (0%) groups. Adiponectin and resistin levels in predialysis, peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis patients were significantly higher than control group (p: 0.0001). This study had given significant positive correlations between presence of PEW and serum resistin (r: 0.267, p: 0.001), and serum adiponectin levels (r: 0.349, p: 0.0001). There were no relationship between presence of PEW and ghrelin, acylated‐ghrelin, neuropeptide Y, and leptin levels of the groups. CKD patients except transplant patients had higher adiponectin and resistin levels than control group. PEW was found to be linearly correlated with resistin and adiponectin. High serum resistin and adiponectin levels might have a role in development of PEW among dialysis patients.