Surface layers and wear resistance of ShKh15 steel to rolling friction

Metal Science and Heat Treatment -     

On the thermodynamics of moisture retained in models of capillary-porous models

The thermodynamic differential functions of moisture retained in silica gel models of capillary-porous bodies are shown here as function of moisture content, temperature, and porosity structure.Notation U differential of internal energy of a moisture bond - F differential of free energy of a moisture bond - TS differential of bound energy of a moisture bond - u moisture content in silica gel - T temperature Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp. 782–786, May, 1971.     

Comparative Assessment of Zinc and Cadmium Electroplates by the Weight of Retained Corrosion Products and the Total Weight

The correlation between the corrosion weight losses, the weight of retained corrosion products, and the total weight–change of steel specimen, which has a plain or superficially converted zinc or cadmium electroplate 24 m thick, is studied. The specimens measuring 50 × 70 × 2 and 100 × 150 × 2 mm were exposed for 1 to 5 years in the open and semienclosed atmosphere in coastal and continental test stations and for up to 20 years in the enclosed atmosphere on coasts. The retained product weight and the total specimen weight gain (or loss) vary linearly with the corrosion metal weight loss (K= a+ bX) both in low- and high-corrosive atmospheres. Cadmium coatings retain a lower amount of products than zinc ones, while superficially converted ones retain lower amount than plain ones. The largest amount of products is retained in enclosed atmosphere. In semienclosed and open atmospheres, the amounts are smaller by factors of approximately 1.5 and 2–4, respectively. Knowing the coefficients of a corresponding linear equation and the weight of retained products of zinc or cadmium corrosion on specimens (in a certain time), one can calculate the corrosion rate of a coating in each atmosphere. For a predicted corrosion of 50 g/m², the estimation error will not exceed ±20–30%.     

Pulsating motion of a liquid in capillaries under the influence of a force field

The substantial influence of an inhomogeneous electric field on the processes of mass exchange in capillaries that are a pore-structure model has been found. It has been established that the electromigration of nonequilibrium films and capillary-liquid columns to the evaporation surface is observed in the region of large field gradients. __________ Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 79, No. 5, pp. 20–25, September–October, 2006.     

Atmospheric corrosion of metals in regions of cold and extremely cold climate (a review)

The results of atmospheric corrosion tests on a series of metals and alloys in marine and industrial atmospheres of the Earth’s regions with cold and very cold climate (Antarctic, sub-Arctic, Russian Far East) are considered. The class of most dangerous corrosive damage includes special types such as pitting, exfoliation corrosion, crevice corrosion and corrosion-induced cracking. Long-term prognosis is made concerning the influence of global warming on the atmospheric corrosion in cold climate regions. Original Russian Text ? A.A. Mikhailov, P.V. Strekalov, Yu.M. Panchenko, 2008, published in Korroziya: Materialy, Zashchita, 2007, No. 7, pp. 1–16.     

Instrumentation complex for comprehensive study of atmospheric parameters

A unique instrumentation complex of the Institute of Atmospheric Optics SB RAS is presented. The complex has no analogues anywhere in the world, and makes possible simultaneous measurements of a great number of optical, meteorological, and radiative parameters of the atmosphere, as well as characteristics of aerosol and gas composition. The instrumentation complex is based on permanent stations recording numerous parameters of the atmosphere, namely, TOR (Tropospheric Ozone Research) station, Aerosol Monitoring Station, BEC (Basic Experimental Complex), Fonovaya (Background) Station, and stations for receiving satellite images (NOAA, MODIS/TERRA, MODIS/AQUA). An important part of the complex is the Tu-134 aircraft laboratory enabling measurement of atmospheric parameters in the altitude range up to 7 km. In addition, the following instruments are used in experiments: weather balloons, lidars, sodars, sun photometers, Fourier spectrometers, and others. Satellite data are also used for interpretation of data. The article presents an example of complex operation on one measurement day – 22 May 2012.     

High-temperature ferromagnetism of Si1 ? x Mn x films fabricated by laser deposition using the droplet velocity separation technique

The transport and magnetic properties of Si_{1 ? x} Mn _x films of thickness 55?C70 nm with various Mn content (x = 0.44?C0.6) are studied in the temperature range of 5?C400 K and in magnetic fields up to 2 T. The films are grown by pulsed laser deposition on Al₂O₃ (0001) substrates at a temperature of 340°C using velocity separation of deposited particles. The films exhibit metal conductivity and the resistivity ?? = (2?8) × 10^?4 ?? cm, typical of highly degenerate semiconductors. It is found that the anomalous component of the Hall effect dominates over the normal component at T = 300 K for the Si_{1 ? x} Mn _x alloy with x ?? 0.5, and that the Curie temperature significantly exceeds room temperature and is estimated as ??500 K from magnetization measurements (for MnSi silicide the Curie temperature is T _C = 30 K). It is shown that the anomalous component of the Hall conductivity at low temperatures is controlled by ??side-jump?? and (or) ??intrinsic?? mechanisms independent on the carrier scattering time. The results are explained by features of the formation of defects with localized magnetic moments in the case of Si_{1 ? x} Mn _x films with x ?? 0.5 and by the significant role of matrix spin fluctuations in the exchange between these defects.