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We present a robust optimization framework that is applicable to general nonlinear programs (NLP) with uncertain parameters. We focus on design problems with partial differential equations (PDE), which involve high computational cost. Our framework addresses the uncertainty with a deterministic worst-case approach. Since the resulting min–max problem is computationally intractable, we propose an approximate robust formulation that employs quadratic models of the involved functions that can be handled efficiently with standard NLP solvers. We outline numerical methods to build the quadratic models, compute their derivatives, and deal with high-dimensional uncertainties. We apply the presented approach to the parametrized shape optimization of systems that are governed by different kinds of PDE and present numerical results. 相似文献
45.
KJ Zucker SJ Bradley G Oliver J Blake S Fleming J Hood 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,30(4):300-318
Women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) (N = 31) and their unaffected sisters or female cousins (N = 15) participated in a study of psychosexual development. All participants were > or = 18 years of age (mean age, 25 years; range, 18-40). Comparisons were also made between the CAH women with the salt-wasting (SW) form of the disorder and those with simple virilization (SV). A psychosexual assessment protocol examined six variables: (1) sex assignment at birth (probands only); (2) recalled sex-typed behavior during childhood; (3) gender identity and gender role identification in adulthood; (4) relationship status; (5) sexual orientation in fantasy; and (6) sexual orientation in behavior. Salt-wasting status and sex assignment at birth were also ascertained for the CAH women who either refused to participate in the study (N = 10) or could not be traced (N = 13). Compared to the controls, the women with CAH recalled more cross-gender role behavior and less comfort with their sense of "femininity" during childhood. The two groups did not differ in degree of gender dysphoria in adulthood, although the probands showed more cross-gender role identification. Three of the nonparticipant probands were living, as adults, in the male social role (2 reared from birth as boys and 1 who changed from the female to the male social role during adolescence). The CAH women and the controls did not differ in relationship status (married/cohabiting vs. single). The CAH women had lower rates of exclusive heterosexual fantasy and fewer sexual experiences with men than the controls; however, the CAH women did not have more sexual experiences with women than the controls. Comparisons between the SW and SV revealed several differences: the SW were less likely to be assigned to the female sex at birth, recalled more cross-gender role behavior during childhood, were less likely to be married or cohabiting, and had lower rates of sexual experiences with men. The results were discussed in relation to the effects of prenatal androgens on psychosexual differentiation. 相似文献
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Das Internet ist heute eine globale Infrastruktur, deren st?ndige Verfügbarkeit mehr oder weniger als gegeben angenommen wird.
Die Einführung neuer Technologien (z. B. Multicast, IPv6) in diese Infrastruktur erweist sich aus unterschiedlichen Gründen
als schwierig. Vielmehr haben sich Overlay-Netze in diesem Kontext als Innovationsmotor etabliert. Diese werden von Endger?ten
am Netzrand aufgespannt, ben?tigen somit keine neuen Komponenten in der Netzinfrastruktur und lassen sich selbstorganisierend
sowie skalierbar einsetzen. Interessant sind diese Eigenschaften auch für den Overlay-basierten Aufbau und Betrieb von Kommunikationsnetzen
an sich, mit dem Ziel, unbeeinflusst von Mobilit?t, Multi-Homing und Heterogenit?t der Protokolle und Zugangsnetze nahtlose
Konnektivit?t zwischen Endger?ten herzustellen. Dieser Artikel zeigt anhand von Beispielen auf, wie Overlays die Entwicklung
neuer Dienste im Internet vorantreiben k?nnen. Als Beispiel für eine Overlay-basierte Netzarchitektur, welche die Realisierung
neuer Dienste und Anwendungen erm?glicht, wird die Architektur zur Realisierung von Spontanen Virtuellen Netzen (SpoVNet) und deren Netzabstraktionsschicht ariba detailliert vorgestellt. 相似文献
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Anselm Grundhöfer Daniel Kurz Sebastian Thiele Oliver Bimber 《The Visual computer》2010,26(9):1167-1176
In this article we show how temporal backdrops that alternately change their color rapidly at recording rate can aid chroma
keying by transforming color spill into a neutral background illumination. Since the chosen colors sum up to white, the chromatic
(color) spill component is neutralized when integrating over both backdrop states. The ability to separate both states additionally
allows to compute high-quality alpha mattes. Besides the neutralization of color spill, our method is invariant to foreground
colors and supports applications with real-time demands. In this article, we explain different realizations of temporal backdrops
and describe how keying and color spill neutralization are carried out, how artifacts resulting from rapid motion can be reduced,
and how our approach can be implemented to be compatible with common real-time post-production pipelines. 相似文献
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Oliver Schreer Ingo Feldmann Isabel Alonso Mediavilla Pedro Concejero Abdul H. Sadka Mohammad Rafiq Swash Sergio Benini Riccardo Leonardi Tijana Janjusevic Ebroul Izquierdo 《Multimedia Tools and Applications》2010,48(1):23-49
Multimedia analysis and reuse of raw un-edited audio visual content known as rushes is gaining acceptance by a large number
of research labs and companies. A set of research projects are considering multimedia indexing, annotation, search and retrieval
in the context of European funded research, but only the FP6 project RUSHES is focusing on automatic semantic annotation,
indexing and retrieval of raw and un-edited audio-visual content. Even professional content creators and providers as well
as home-users are dealing with this type of content and therefore novel technologies for semantic search and retrieval are
required. In this paper, we present a summary of the most relevant achievements of the RUSHES project, focusing on specific
approaches for automatic annotation as well as the main features of the final RUSHES search engine. 相似文献
50.
With the advent of multi-core processors, desktop application developers must finally face parallel computing and its challenges.
A large portion of the computational load in a program rests within iterative computations. In object-oriented languages these
are commonly handled using iterators which are inadequate for parallel programming. This paper presents a powerful Parallel
Iterator concept to be used in object-oriented programs for the parallel traversal of a collection of elements. The Parallel
Iterator may be used with any collection type (even those inherently sequential) and it supports several scheduling schemes
which may even be decided dynamically at run-time. Some additional features are provided to allow early termination of parallel
loops, exception handling and a solution for performing reductions. With a slight contract modification, the Parallel Iterator
interface imitates that of the Java-style sequential iterator. All these features combine together to promote minimal, if
any, code restructuring. Along with the ease of use, the results reveal negligible overhead and the expected inherent speedup. 相似文献