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81.
Daniel Pech Víctor M. Vidal-Martínez Gerardo Gold-Bouchot Omar Zapata-Pérez 《The Science of the total environment》2009,407(7):2315-2324
The suitability of using helminth communities as bioindicators of environmental quality of the Yucatan coastal lagoons status was tested on the checkered puffer (Spheroides testudineus) in four coastal lagoons along the Yucatan coast. The concentration of chemical pollutants in sediments, water quality parameters, helminth infracommunity characteristics, as well as fish physiological biomarkers, including EROD (7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase) and catalase activities, were measured. Results from sediment analyses demonstrated the presence of hydrocarbons, organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls at varying concentrations, some of which exceeded the Probability Effect Level (PEL). Significant negative associations among organochlorine pesticides, infracommunity characteristics and fish physiological responses were observed in most of the lagoons. Results suggest that EROD activity and parasite infracommunity characteristics could be useful tools to evaluate the effects of chemical pollutants on the fish host and in the environment. Importantly, certain parasites appear to influence biomarker measurements, indicating that parasites should be considered in ecotoxicological studies. 相似文献
82.
Solvent and Extraction Conditions Control the Assayable Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activities of Seeds of Black Beans,Canola and Millet
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Anoma Chandrasekara Omar Abdel Rasek Jenny Ann John Neel Chandrasekara Fereidoon Shahidi 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2016,93(2):275-283
The effects of extraction solvent and conditions on the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of black beans, canola and foxtail millet were investigated. The antioxidant activity was assayed using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DRSA) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Four solvent systems, namely 70 % acetone, 80 % ethanol, 80 % methanol and a mixture of acetone/methanol/water (7:7:6, v/v/v) were used. The extraction methods adopted in this study included refluxing, homogenization, cold extraction and sonication. The TPC as measured using the Folin Ciocalteu's method were 12.35–28.39, 2.43–16.73, and 1.78–5.06 µmol catechin equivalents/g dry matter (dm) for canola, black beans and foxtail millet, respectively. Aqueous acetone afforded the highest TPC for black beans and canola. Within the same solvent system used, the TPC, DRSA and ORAC obtained from different extraction techniques differed for black beans, canola and foxtail millet. The results demonstrated that the solvent system as well as method influenced the extraction of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activities, depending on the type of matrix in which phenolics were embedded. 相似文献
83.
84.
Catalysis Letters - Herein, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was purified from Coleus forskohlii via a three-step process involving precipitation by (NH4)2SO4, ion exchange chromatography and gel... 相似文献
85.
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology - Braking system is one of the basic organs to control a car. For many years, the disc brakes have been used in automobiles for safe retardation of the... 相似文献
86.
Víctor M. Ovando‐Medina Josu Vizcaíno‐Mercado Omar Gonzlez‐Ortega Jos A. Rodríguez de la Garza Hugo Martínez‐Gutirrez 《Polymer Composites》2015,36(2):312-321
In this work, a composite from α‐cellulose coated with conducting polypyrrole by in situ polymerization using potassium persulfate as oxidant was obtained. The composite was characterized by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed homogeneous coating of α‐cellulose with polypyrrole (PPy) to produce a composite with a conductivity of 3.5 × 10−5 S/m. Batch aqueous adsorption experiments of the reactive red 120 (RR120) dye onto the synthesized material were conducted. The results showed that this composite is an efficient adsorbent for RR120 dye removal. For the adsorption experiments set to an initial pH of 3.9, the adsorption capacity was 15.6 mg of dye/g of composite for an equilibrium concentration (in the liquid) of RR120 dye equal to 1,000 mg/L, whereas a value of 96.1 mg of dye/g of composite was obtained when the solution pH was set to 2.0 for the same equilibrium concentration. When performing adsorption experiments using pure α‐cellulose, dye adsorption was insignificant at any pH value. Adsorption isotherm for RR120 was described by a typical Freundlich model. The transient adsorption of RR120 on the synthesized composite was described by a general three‐resistance model that includes the transport on the film that surrounds the composite particles, diffusion inside the particles, and adsorption on the surface of the particles. A fitting of the uptake curves was performed allowing the estimation of values for the effective diffusivity, D0, and the adsorption rate coefficient, k1. For the adsorption experiments with an initial pH value set to 3.9, D0 was estimated as 1.05 × 10−10 m2/s, whereas k1 was 1.65 × 10−4 Ln/g mgn − 1 s; the corresponding values of k1 at pH = 2 and 9.0 were 3.18 × 10−4 and 5.16 × 10−5, respectively. POLYM. COMPOS., 36:312–321, 2015. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers 相似文献
87.
Aleksandr S. Kazachenko Feride Akman Natalya Yu. Vasilieva Noureddine Issaoui Yuriy N. Malyar Aleksandr A. Kondrasenko Valentina S. Borovkova Angelina V. Miroshnikova Anna S. Kazachenko Omar Al-Dossary Marek J. Wojcik Yaroslava D. Berezhnaya Evgeniy V. Elsufev 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(3)
Betulin is an important triterpenoid substance isolated from birch bark, which, together with its sulfates, exhibits important bioactive properties. We report on a newly developed method of betulin sulfation with sulfamic acid in pyridine in the presence of an Amberlyst®15 solid acid catalyst. It has been shown that this catalyst remains stable when being repeatedly (up to four cycles) used and ensures obtaining of sulfated betulin with a sulfur content of ~10%. The introduction of the sulfate group into the betulin molecule has been proven by Fourier-transform infrared, ultraviolet-visible, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra contain absorption bands at 1249 and 835–841 cm−1; in the UV spectra, the peak intensity decreases; and, in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, of betulin disulfate, carbons С3 and С28 are completely shifted to the weak-field region (to 88.21 and 67.32 ppm, respectively) with respect to betulin. Using the potentiometric titration method, the product of acidity constants K1 and K2 of a solution of the betulin disulfate H+ form has been found to be 3.86 × 10–6 ± 0.004. It has been demonstrated by the thermal analysis that betulin and the betulin disulfate sodium salt are stable at temperatures of up to 240 and 220 °C, respectively. The density functional theory method has been used to obtain data on the most stable conformations, molecular electrostatic potential, frontier molecular orbitals, and mulliken atomic charges of betulin and betulin disulfate and to calculate the spectral characteristics of initial and sulfated betulin, which agree well with the experimental data. 相似文献
88.
Daylon Black Ryan Harper Patrick Ward Jacob Davlin Omar Bentancourt Donald Plumlee Jim Browning 《International Journal of Applied Ceramic Technology》2020,17(5):2393-2406
A low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) material system has been used to develop a protype field emission cathode structure for use in an experimental magnetron oscillator. The structure is designed for used with 30 gated field emission array (GFEA) die electrically connected through silver metal traces and electrical vias. To approximate a cylinder, the cathode structure (48 mm long and 13.7 mm in diameter) is comprised of 10 faceted plates which cover the GFEA dies. Slits in the facet plates allow electron injection. The GFEA die (3 mm × 8 mm) are placed in axial columns of 3 and spaced azimuthally around a cylindrical support structure in a staggered configuration resulting in 10 azimuthal locations. LTCC manufacturing techniques were developed in order to fabricate the newly designed cathode with seven layers wrapped to form the cylinder with electrical traces and vias. Two different cathode wrapping techniques and two different via filling techniques were studied and compared. Two different facet plate manufacturing techniques were studied. Finally, four different support stand configurations for firing the cylindrical structure were also compared with a square post stand having the best circularity and linearity measurements of the fired structure. 相似文献
89.
酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)孢子壁是一个多层结构,其最外层为二酪氨酸层,由酚类化合物NN′-二甲酰基二酪氨酸组成。二酪氨酸层是酵母孢子壁独有的结构,在酵母营养细胞的细胞壁中不存在。因为许多细胞酚类化合物能够清除自由基,我们猜测NN′-二甲酰基二酪氨酸可以作为一种抗氧化剂。为了研究孢子的抗氧化性,将营养细胞、野生型孢子和dit1△孢子培养在强氧化剂H_2O_2中,观察现象。本研究发现相对于酵母营养细胞,含有二酪氨酸层的野生型孢子具有抗自由基的能力使孢子具有抗氧化活性,同时二酪氨酸层缺陷型菌株dit1△孢子对自由基敏感。另外,本研究发现NN′-二甲酰基二酪氨酸能够清除自由基。因此,NN′-二甲酰基二酪氨酸可在未来用作一种新型的抗氧化材料。 相似文献
90.
Quantitative Analysis of Bioactive Compounds from Aromatic Plants by Means of Dynamic Headspace Extraction and Multiple Headspace Extraction‐Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry
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Jone Omar Maitane Olivares Ibone Alonso Asier Vallejo Oier Aizpurua‐Olaizola Nestor Etxebarria 《Journal of food science》2016,81(4):C867-C873
Seven monoterpenes in 4 aromatic plants (sage, cardamom, lavender, and rosemary) were quantified in liquid extracts and directly in solid samples by means of dynamic headspace‐gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (DHS‐GC‐MS) and multiple headspace extraction‐gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (MHSE), respectively. The monoterpenes were 1st extracted by means of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) and analyzed by an optimized DHS‐GC‐MS. The optimization of the dynamic extraction step and the desorption/cryo‐focusing step were tackled independently by experimental design assays. The best working conditions were set at 30 °C for the incubation temperature, 5 min of incubation time, and 40 mL of purge volume for the dynamic extraction step of these bioactive molecules. The conditions of the desorption/cryo‐trapping step from the Tenax TA trap were set at follows: the temperature was increased from 30 to 300 °C at 150 °C/min, although the cryo‐trapping was maintained at ?70 °C. In order to estimate the efficiency of the SFE process, the analysis of monoterpenes in the 4 aromatic plants was directly carried out by means of MHSE because it did not require any sample preparation. Good linearity (r2 > 0.99) and reproducibility (relative standard deviation % <12) was obtained for solid and liquid quantification approaches, in the ranges of 0.5 to 200 ng and 10 to 500 ng/mL, respectively. The developed methods were applied to analyze the concentration of 7 monoterpenes in aromatic plants obtaining concentrations in the range of 2 to 6000 ng/g and 0.25 to 110 μg/mg, respectively. 相似文献