Getter sputtering system for high-throughput fabrication of composition spreads

We describe a sputtering system that can deposit composition spreads in an effectively UHV environment but which does not require the high-throughput paradigm to be compromised by a long pump down each time a target is changed. The system deploys four magnetron sputter guns in a cryoshroud (getter sputtering) which allows elements such as Ti and Zr to be deposited with minimal contamination by oxygen or other reactive background gases. The system also relies on custom substrate heaters to give rapid heating and cool down. The effectiveness of the gettering technique is evaluated, and example results obtained for catalytic activity of a pseudoternary composition spread are presented.     

Fatigue crack growth in tubular welded connections

A series of tests have been conducted on tubular welded T-joints using out-of-plane bending. The complete test series is designed to measure the stress distribution and the fatigue strength, for this size of T-joint, under random loading. The work presented here includes the experimental strain analysis, together with Finite Element results, and fatigue crack growth measurements. These results show that it will be possible to estimate the fatigue life of T-joints using a fracture mechanics approach.     

An electron microscope investigation of fatigue deformation in copper

The initial fatigue deformation in copper has been shown to be characterised by the presence of deformation bands of high dislocation density, frequently found in conjunction with linear arrays of a dark spot defect. Also noted at this stage was the presence of heavily jogged dislocations. The final fatigue structure consisted of patches of very high dislocation density, occasionally aligned in a specific direction, resolvable as either round or elongated dislocation loops.     

The stress intensity factor for a deep surface crack in a finite plate

A stress intensity factor solution has been determined for the case of a surface crack in a finite width plate. This solution is for tension or bending and includes a finite area correction factor. It has been shown that using this new stress intensity factor solution it is possible to correlate fatigue crack growth data measured on surface cracked plate specimens with conventional through crack data.     

The multidimensional driving style inventory--scale construct and validation

Two studies were conducted in order to develop a multidimensional instrument of driving style. In Study 1, we developed a self-report scale assessing four broad domains of driving style-the multidimensional driving style inventory (MDSI). A factor analysis revealed eight main factors, each one representing a specific driving style--dissociative, anxious, risky, angry, high-velocity, distress reduction, patient, and careful. In addition, significant associations were found between the eight factors, on the one hand, and gender, age, driving history, and personality measures of self-esteem, need for control, impulsive sensation seeking, and extraversion, on the other. In Study 2, further associations were found between the eight driving style factors and measures of trait anxiety and neuroticism. The discussion focused on the validity and utility of a multidimensional conceptualization of driving style.     

Human, Environmental and Wildlife Aspects of Corridors with Specific Reference to UK Planning Practice

Corridors are areas of vegetation which link larger patches. They are usually designated for wildlife-related issues, but have multiple attributes relating to human amenity and transport, wildlife habitat and dispersal, and the control of local climate and pollution. The terminology of corridors is examined, and their potential attributes reviewed. A hierarchical classification of attributes is suggested and a recommendation is made for the use of the umbrella term 'Green Corridors'.     

Thin-skin AC field in anisotropic rectangular bar and ACPD stress measurement

This paper presents some theoretical and experimental studies on the magnetostrictive anisotropy (stress-induced anisotropy) in a long rectangular steel bar that were recently conducted at the University College London. In order to obtain the thin-skin field in the anisotropic bar, the validity of the general boundary conditions at the interface between the conductor and the exterior (air), which were established in earlier studies for isotropic media, were firstly examined. The thin-skin field solution of Zhou and Lewis [Zhou J, Lewis AM. Thin-skin electromagnetic fields around a rectangular conductor bar, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 1994;27:419–425] for the isotropic bar was then extended to include magnetic anisotropy. Using the extended thin-skin field solution, an electromagnetic stress model has been presented by relating the stress level to a quantity that can be used as a measure of the amount of magnetic anisotropy in the material. For the application of this model, experimental stress measurements on mild steel rectangular bars with different dimensions were conducted based on the Alternating Current Potential Difference (ACPD) technique. The ACPD stress measurement results showed that the theoretical stress model could predict the stress values with the calibration of a magnetic anisotropic parameter.     

Activation of the attachment system in adulthood: Threat-related primes increase the accessibility of mental representations of attachment figures.

Three studies explored the effects of subliminal threat on the activation of representations of attachment figures. This accessibility was measured in a lexical decision task and a Stroop task following threat- or neutral-word primes, and was compared with the accessibility of representations of other close persons, known but not close persons, and unknown persons. Participants also reported on their attachment style. Threat primes led to increased accessibility of representations of attachment figures. This effect was specific to attachment figures and was replicated across tasks and experiments. Attachment anxiety heightened accessibility of representations of attachment figures even in neutral contexts, whereas attachment avoidance inhibited this activation when the threat prime was the word separation. These effects were not explained by trait anxiety. The discussion focuses on the dynamics of attachment-system activation in adulthood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)