Shorting pin loaded dual-band compact rectangular microstrip antenna

Theoretical and experimental investigations carried out on shorted microstrip patch antenna for dual band operation. The investigations were carried out by varying the shorting-pin position from the edge to the centre of the patch; such an antenna provides a frequency tunability range from 0.88?GHz to 1.08?GHz for first resonance and from 2.20?GHz to 2.59?GHz for second resonance. A frequency ratio of about 2.91 to 2.2 for the two operating frequencies is observed. When the shorting-pin position is close to centre or at the centre of the patch, a single resonant frequency is observed. It is also observed that the resonant frequency of the antenna heavily depends upon the thickness of the substrate, dielectric constant of the substrate and radius of the shorting-pin.     

Fast complex memory polynomial-based adaptive digital predistorter

Today's 3G wireless systems require both high linearity and high power amplifier (PA) efficiency. The high peak-to-average ratios of the digital modulation schemes used in 3G wireless systems require that the RF PA maintain high linearity over a large range while maintaining this high efficiency; these two requirements are often at odds with each other with many of the traditional amplifier architectures. In this article, a fast and easy-to-implement adaptive digital predistorter has been presented for Wideband Code Division Multiplexed signals using complex memory polynomial work function. The proposed algorithm has been implemented to test a Motorola LDMOSFET PA. The proposed technique also takes care of the memory effects of the PA, which have been ignored in many proposed techniques in the literature. The results show that the new complex memory polynomial-based adaptive digital predistorter has better linearisation performance than conventional predistortion techniques.     

Time delays and angles of arrival estimation using known signals

Channel estimation in a multipath mobile communication system is addressed in this paper, and a novel approach based on the linear prediction in frequency domain and the singular value decomposition technique is presented for joint estimation of the angles of arrival and the time delays of multiple reflections of a known signal. Simulation results illustrating the performance of the proposed algorithm are included, and the results show that the proposed method is close in accuracy when compared to the iterative maximum-likelihood method. However, when the two methods are compared in computational complexity, it is demonstrated that the proposed method reduces the complexity to nearly half of that of the maximum-likelihood method. The Cramer–Rao bounds are computed for comparison.     

Mie‐Resonant Membrane Huygens' Metasurfaces

All‐dielectric metasurfaces have become a new paradigm for flat optics as they allow flexible engineering of the electromagnetic space of propagating waves. Such metasurfaces are usually composed of individual subwavelength elements embedded into a host medium or placed on a substrate, which often diminishes the quality of the resonances. The substrate imposes limitations on the metasurface functionalities, especially for infrared and terahertz frequencies. Here a novel concept of membrane Huygens' metasurfaces is introduced. The metasurfaces feature an inverted design, and they consist of arrays of holes made in a thin membrane of high‐index dielectric material, with the response governed by the electric and magnetic Mie resonances excited within dielectric domains of the membrane. Highly efficient transmission combined with the 2π phase coverage in the freestanding membranes is demonstrated. Several functional metadevices for wavefront control are designed, including beam deflector, a lens, and an axicon. Such membrane metasurfaces provide novel opportunities for efficient large‐area metadevices, whose advanced functionality is defined by structuring rather than by chemical composition.     

Long‐Range,Entangled Carbon Nanotube Networks in Polycarbonate

A method is presented for dispersing ropes or bundles of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (RCNTs) in a polycarbonate (PC) matrix. Films of PC/RCNT composites are produced, with thicknesses ranging from 10 to 60 μm, and containing small concentrations (0.06–0.25 wt.‐%) of RCNT. Our process is based on a unique method of hot casting, annealing, and drying from dichlorobenzene solution. A wet annealing prior to complete drying yields a uniform and transparent film. Despite the low RCNT loading, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the films after fracture reveals that the RCNTs form an entangled network throughout the film, which is a key requirement for enhanced properties. An increase of up to 30 % in the Young's modulus, as compared to PC, results with this method of composite fabrication.     

Analysis of Rake reception with multiple symbol weight estimation for antipodal signaling

Consider a Rake receiver for coherent binary antipodal signaling with: 1) a delayed received signal configuration; 2) weight estimation by matched filtering using the reference signal along with the decisions of the previous M symbol intervals; and 3) predetection maximal-ratio combining (MRC). The weight estimation errors here are not independent of the additive noise, and do not fit into the Gaussian weighting error model for MRC. Here we analyze the error performance of the receiver by obtaining the conditional symbol error probability, conditioned on past decisions, from the characteristic function of the decision variable, and getting the unconditional error probability (UEP) for a block of M consecutive symbols using a Markov model of the decision process. The channel is Rayleigh fading with independent and identically distributed branch gains. Results show that the error performance of the Gaussian distributed weighting error model is a bound for that of multiple symbol weight estimation by matched filtering, and the steady state UEP decreases with increase of M, but the amount of decrease reduces as M increases.     

Processing of Ta2O5 powders for electronic applications

The particle size, surface area, morphology, and purity of tantalum pentoxide are critical for some of its applications in the manufacture of several, electronic products. Although the purity of different grades of Ta₂O₅, such as standard technical grade, carbide grade, and optical grade, have been well documented, there is no report on the morphology and other surface characteristics of Ta₂O₅ powders. The objective of this paper is to review various methods and recent developments in the processing of tantalum oxide powders. The other objective of this paper is to report on the morphology, particle size, and surface area of tantalum oxide obtained from different methods of preparation. The work reported in this paper will be useful for researchers involved in the development of tantalum-related electronic materials.     

Analytical modeling for performance studies of an FLBM-basedall-optical packet switch

This letter analyzes an all-optical packet switch based on fiber loop buffer memory (FLBM). The number of recirculations of a packet in the fiber loop is limited by noise constraints whereas the total number of packets stored in the fiber loop is constrained by the number of available wavelengths. The switch operates as an output-queued switch with these constraints. We analyze this switch for its blocking performance for incoming packets     

Design and analysis of all-optical up- and down-wavelength converter based on FWM of SOA-MZI for 60 Gbps RZ data signal

In this paper, the design and analysis of the all-optical up- and down-wavelength converter based on four-wave mixing (FWM) effect of semiconductor optical amplifier Mach–Zehnder interferometer (SOA-MZI) have been presented. The return-to-zero (RZ) modulated data signal at a bit rate of 60 Gbps has been evaluated for error-free operation to show the feasibility of proposed system at different pump wavelength. The converted signal power and quality factor are investigated as the function of variable signal power and pump power. The optimized operating input signal power of ?5 dBm with Q-factor of \(\sim \)28 dB for RZ modulated signal by using SOA-MZI structure with enhanced FWM effect. The important contribution of these investigations that it is possible to expand the optical network with limited available channel bandwidth by utilizing the wavelength converter and gives an approach to implement wavelength converter for future hybrid optical access networks.     

Optimization of the Security-Performance Tradeoff in RC4 Encryption Algorithm

Wireless Personal Communications - In this paper, we have investigated different vulnerabilities in RC4 and its enhanced variants to overcome the security attacks. It is established that in spite...