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991.
A. Pizzinat B.S. Marks L. Palmieri C.R. Menyuk A. Galtarossa 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2003,15(6):819-821
We consider the two Wai-Menyuk models of birefringence in periodically spun fibers, and we show that the differential group delay differs significantly for the two models when the spin period approaches or exceeds the fiber beat length. When the fiber correlation length is large, we explain this difference quantitatively, and we explain it qualitatively for any fiber correlation length. 相似文献
992.
Sensitivity analysis of simulations for magnetic particle inspection using the finite-element method 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Lee J.Y. Lee S.J. Jiles D.C. Garton M. Lopez R. Brasche L. 《IEEE transactions on magnetics》2003,39(6):3604-3606
Magnetic particle inspection (MPI) is widely used for nondestructive evaluation in aerospace applications in which interpretation of inspection results is currently limited to empirical knowledge and experience-based approaches. Advances in computational magnetics, particularly the use of finite-element calculations, have enabled realistic numerical simulations of magnetic particle inspection to be undertaken with complicated geometries. In this paper, we report a sensitivity analysis using finite-element-method simulations of magnetic particle inspection for defects with various sizes and geometries. As a result, improved quantitative understanding of the MPI technique and factors that affects its sensitivity and reliability has been achieved. These results can be used to optimize conditions for conducting these inspections and should lead to improvement in analysis and interpretation of experimental results. 相似文献
993.
Calculation of imaging errors of AWG 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper reports on the modeling of arrayed-waveguide gratings (AWGs) by means of Fourier optics where the coupling between the grating waveguides and defocus of the star couplers is taken into account as well. Special interest is drawn to the geometrical modeling of AWGs. The paraxial approximation for the free-space propagation within the star couplers, the exact calculation of the coupling coefficients for the star couplers by an orthonormal basis (ONB) expansion, and the drawbacks due to the nonunitary transfer matrix provided by the Green's functions approach for the coupling between the grating waveguides, as well as possible improvements thereof, are identified as crucial points. An efficient orthonormalization procedure by means of an eigenvector decomposition is presented. A unitary approximation of the transfer matrix, which is in itself approximate but in general not unitary, introduced within the impulse response method, is obtained. The presented simulation technique allows for ab initio simulations, which do not fall back on any experimental input, for the spectral response of AWGs, which are found in good agreement with experimental results. 相似文献
994.
A review of optical, chemical, and biological sensors to detect metabolic activity at the single-cell level is presented in the context of the development of lab-on-a-chip research instrumentation. The sensors reviewed include optical sensors, at both research and commercial levels, that can optically detect intracellular metabolites including adenosine triphosphate, nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide, reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide, and other metabolites, including oxygen, carbon dioxide, and glucose. Methods to optically detect pH changes which are a general indicator of activity in extracellular space are also briefly reviewed. Performance metrics such as sensitivity, sensor size, drift, time response, and sensing range are included when available. Highly suitable optical sensor technologies for monitoring cellular metabolic activity include luminescent (fluorescent, phosphorescent, and chemiluminescent) and colorimetric optical probes. Different approaches to extracting luminescent and colorimetric information are reviewed, including benchtop techniques, fiber-optic approaches, and the use of probes encapsulated by biologically localized embedding. A brief discussion of alternate optical sensor technologies, such as surface plasmon resonance and infrared absorption spectroscopy, is also presented. 相似文献
995.
Gkatzianas M.A. Balanis C.A. Diaz R.E. 《Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, IEEE》2004,14(5):219-221
This paper proposes an alternative expression for the in-cell capacitance of a photoelectrical cell (PEC)-mounted slot, which is the conceptual cornerstone of the Gilbert-Holland subcell finite difference time domain (FDTD) model. By treating a slightly modified electrostatic problem, the extraneous charge singularity on the PEC edges touching the cell, which is characteristic of the originally proposed model, is removed. The latter offers better physical grounds for a new expression of the capacitance and the effective permittivity used in the update equations. High resolution standard FDTD simulation results are presented in support of the new expression. 相似文献
996.
Passive macromodeling of high-speed package and interconnect modules characterized by measured/simulated data has generated immense interest during the recent years. This paper presents an efficient algorithm for transient simulation of interconnect networks characterized by measured/simulated data in the presence of other linear and nonlinear devices. A new set of linear constraints are proposed, which help in preserving the passivity of resulting macromodels. Examples are presented to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. 相似文献
997.
A biomorphic digital image sensor 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Culurciello E. Etienne-Cummings R. Boahen K.A. 《Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of》2003,38(2):281-294
An arbitrated address-event imager has been designed and fabricated in a 0.6-/spl mu/m CMOS process. The imager is composed of 80 /spl times/ 60 pixels of 32 /spl times/ 30 /spl mu/m. The value of the light intensity collected by each photosensitive element is inversely proportional to the pixel's interspike time interval. The readout of each spike is initiated by the individual pixel; therefore, the available output bandwidth is allocated according to pixel output demand. This encoding of light intensities favors brighter pixels, equalizes the number of integrated photons across light intensity, and minimizes power consumption. Tests conducted on the imager showed a large output dynamic range of 180 dB (under bright local illumination) for an individual pixel. The array, on the other hand, produced a dynamic range of 120 dB (under uniform bright illumination and when no lower bound was placed on the update rate per pixel). The dynamic range is 48.9 dB value at 30-pixel updates/s. Power consumption is 3.4 mW in uniform indoor light and a mean event rate of 200 kHz, which updates each pixel 41.6 times per second. The imager is capable of updating each pixel 8.3K times per second (under bright local illumination). 相似文献
998.
999.
Peretto L. Sasdelli R. Tinarelli R. 《IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement》2003,52(4):1143-1147
A statistical approach to estimate the trend, over a long time interval, of electrical parameters is proposed in this paper. The trend is determined by processing a limited number of parameter values measured at instants randomly chosen. Experimental results are reported, which show the good performance of the method proposed when it is applied to estimate customers' loads profiles and the trend of some parameters providing information on power quality. 相似文献
1000.
The stress-whitened damage zone that formed ahead of a semicircular notch during slow tensile loading has been measured from
optical micrographs of translucent blends of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) with experimental chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) resins.
When the zone was small, the plane strain condition applied and from the elastic stress distribution a constant mean stress
condition was found at the boundary of the crescent-shaped zone. The critical mean stress did not depend on the chlorine content
or the chlorine distribution of the experimental CPE resin used in the blend. While the critical mean stress decreased as
the amount of CPE in the blend was increased, the critical volume strain, calculated from the bulk modulus, was independent
of composition and was thought to be the controlling parameter for stress-whitening. When the zone was larger, the shape was
qualitatively described by concepts of stress redistribution in the presence of a plastic zone ahead of the notch. Macroscopic
flow and necking were only detected near the maximum in the stress-displacement curve. 相似文献