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81.
While most proposed methods for solving classification problems focus on minimization of the classification error rate, we are interested in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, which provides more information about classification performance than the error rate does. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) is a natural measure for overall assessment of a classifier based on the ROC curve. We discuss a class of concave functions for AUC maximization in which a boosting-type algorithm including RankBoost is considered, and the Bayesian risk consistency and the lower bound of the optimum function are discussed. A procedure derived by maximizing a specific optimum function has high robustness, based on gross error sensitivity. Additionally, we focus on the partial AUC, which is the partial area under the ROC curve. For example, in medical screening, a high true-positive rate to the fixed lower false-positive rate is preferable and thus the partial AUC corresponding to lower false-positive rates is much more important than the remaining AUC. We extend the class of concave optimum functions for partial AUC optimality with the boosting algorithm. We investigated the validity of the proposed method through several experiments with data sets in the UCI repository.  相似文献   
82.
This letter presents a new algorithm for blind dereverberation and echo cancellation based on independent component analysis (ICA) for actual acoustic signals. We focus on frequency domain ICA (FD-ICA) because its computational cost and speed of learning convergence are sufficiently reasonable for practical applications such as hands-free speech recognition. In applying conventional FD-ICA as a preprocessing of automatic speech recognition in noisy environments, one of the most critical problems is how to cope with reverberations. To extract a clean signal from the reverberant observation, we model the separation process in the short-time Fourier transform domain and apply the multiple input/output inverse-filtering theorem (MINT) to the FD-ICA separation model. A naive implementation of this method is computationally expensive, because its time complexity is the second order of reverberation time. Therefore, the main issue in dereverberation is to reduce the high computational cost of ICA. In this letter, we reduce the computational complexity to the linear order of the reverberation time by using two techniques: (1) a separation model based on the independence of delayed observed signals with MINT and (2) spatial sphering for preprocessing. Experiments show that the computational cost grows in proportion to the linear order of the reverberation time and that our method improves the word correctness of automatic speech recognition by 10 to 20 points in a RT??= 670 ms reverberant environment.  相似文献   
83.
Eight subjects participated in a subjective experiment of eight conditions to investigate the effects of heated seats in vehicles on skin temperature, thermal sensation and thermal comfort during the initial warm-up period. The experimental conditions were designed as a combination of air temperature in the test room (5, 10, 15, or 20 °C) and heated seat (on/off). The heated seat was effective for improving thermal comfort during the initial warm-up period when air temperature was lower than 15 °C. Use of heated seats prevented decreases in or increased toe skin temperature. Heated seats also increased foot thermal sensation at 15 and 20 °C. Optimal thermal sensation in contact with the seat was higher when air temperature was lower. Optimal skin temperature in contact with the seat back was higher than that with the seat cushion. Moreover, these optimal skin temperatures were higher when air temperature was lower.  相似文献   
84.
Several- Ni-Al and Ni-Al-Ti two-phase bicrystals were made by the solid-state diffusion couple method. Each couple consisted of a-phase single crystal and a pure-Ni polycrystal, and was annealed at 1473 K in an Ar gas atmosphere. Single crystal layers of-phase with uniform thickness always grow into the parent-phase single crystals. The resultant/ interface has no voids or facets regardless of the orientation of interface and the chemical composition of the-phase. Porosity formation due to the Kirkendall effect is observed in the diffused region. Concentration profiles exhibit nearly constant gradients in-phase. The orientation relationship between both phases is found to be 001//001, that is, the-phase grows epitaxially along the crystal orientation of-phase.  相似文献   
85.
In this study, a three-point bendJ lc fracture-toughness test was carried out using four types of structural steels at room temperature. The values of (γ p)V, which represent the width of the region where the voids are located just ahead of the crack tip, were measured by Beacham's method [9] with the help of a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The experimental (γ p) values and the theoretical values obtained using the finite element method (FEM) or calculated fromK at initiation are in good agreement. It was found that there is a certain linear relationship between (γ p)Vand the stretched zone width (SZW), and an experimental relationship betweenJ lc andσ flow·(γ p)V which may be expressed by the following equation: $$J_{lc} = 44.1 + 0.35\sigma _{{\text{flow}}} \cdot (\gamma _{\text{p}} )V_c KJ$$ whereσ flow is the average value of the yield stress and the ultimate tensile strength. (γ p)V c represents the critical value of (γ p)V. The numerical constant 44.1 kJ m?2 is considered to be aJ lc value for brittle fracture of the material tested, according to the authors' previous results. It is possible to calculateJ lc if (γ p)V c can be measured.  相似文献   
86.
Crystallite size distributions and lattice distortions have been analysed for highly-irradiated linear polyethylene in the direction normal to 1 1 0 and 0 0 1 lattice planes through X-ray line profile analysis. It has been found that the lateral crystallite size is little affected irradiation greater than 1000 Mrad, whereas that in the chain direction decreases almost linearly with the dose of irradiation. A minor difference in the crystallite size between irradiation atmospheres, i.e. irradiation in air or in vacuum, has been disclosed at a very high dose of irradiation. The above degradation behaviour of crystallites and the change in lattice distortions have proved that radiation cross-links are mainly formed in the amorphous region near the lamellar surface of polyethylene.  相似文献   
87.
Summary Hydro- and vinyl-bifunctionalized di- or tetrasiloxane were synthesized by degradative cleavage of functional cyclic siloxanes with methyllithium followed by quenching with a functional chlorosilane, or by ring-opening of hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3) by functional alkyllithium followed by quenching with a functional chlorosilane. These bifunctionalized siloxanes were used as monomers in polyaddition with transition metal catalysts.  相似文献   
88.
In the system ZrO2–Al2O3, a new method for preparing ZrO2 solid solutions from ZrCl4 and AlCl3 using hydrazine monohydrate is investigated. c -ZrO2 solid solutions containing up to ∼40 mol% Al2O3 crystallize at low temperatures from amorphous materials. The formation mechanism is discussed from IR spectral data. The values of the lattice parameter α increase linearly from 0.5072 to 0.5105 nm with increasing Al2O3 content. At higher temperatures, transformation of the solid solutions proceeds as follows: c ( SS ) → t ( ss ) → t ( ss ) +α-Al2O3→ m +α-Al2O3. m -ZrO2–α-Al2O3 composite ceramics are fabricated by hot isostatic pressing for 2 h at 1250°C and 196 MPa. Microstructures and mechanical properties are examined, in connection with increasing Al2O3 content.  相似文献   
89.
90.
A novel fully integrable all-optical flip-flop has been created using distributed Bragg reflector multimode interference bistable laser diodes. The single metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy regrowth offset quantum well structure active/passive integrated flip-flop lases in single mode at 1554 nm and is compatible with standard fabrication methods of InP photonic integrated circuits (PICs). All-optical reset switching through cross-gain saturation was demonstrated over a 52-nm range, at 1522-1574 nm. An optical set has been achieved with -3 dBm and optical reset with less than -5-dBm external light injection. The flip-flop will be useful for integration in PICs of future photonic systems for self-routing and optical memories or buffers.  相似文献   
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