Isoelektrische Fokussierung und zweidimensionale Auftrennung einer wasserl?slichen Proteinfraktion von Hart- und Weichweizen aus Teigwarenprodukten

Zusammenfassung Die isoelektrische Fokussierung einer wasserlöslichen Proteinfraktion von Hart- und Weichweizen aus Teigwarenprodukten wird mit der bisher üblichen disk-elektrophoretischen Trennmethode verglichen. Die Elektrofokussierung liefert im Gegensatz zur Disk-Elektrophorese auch bei Anwesenheit von Ei-Proteinen sowie nach vorgängiger Hitzedenaturierung der Proteine zuverlässige und genaue Resultate. Im weiteren wird zur besseren Auftrennung und Charakterisierung der wasserlöslichen Proteinfraktion eine zweidimensionale Trennmethode (isoelektrische Fokussierung und anschließende Elektrophorese) beschrieben.

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Isoelectric focusing and two-dimensional separation of watersoluble protein fraction of hard and soft wheat from macaroni

Summary The isoelectric focusing of water-soluble protein fraction of hard and soft wheat from macaroni are compared with the disc electrophoresic separation methods. Electrofocusing produced more trustworthy and exacter results in the presence of egg proteins as well for heat-denaturated proteins. Further is described a better separation and characterisation of a water-soluble protein fraction using a two-dimensional system involving isoelectric focusing in the first dimension followed by electrophoresis in the second.

     

Living Book – Deduction, Slicing, and Interaction

Living Book is a system for the management of personalized and scenario-specific teaching material. The main goal of the system is to support active, explorative, and self-determined learning in lectures, tutorials, and self-study. Living Book includes a course on logic for computer scientists, with uniform access to various tools such as theorem provers and an interactive tableau editor. It is routinely used in teaching undergraduate courses at our university. This paper describes Living Book, together with its use of theorem-proving technology as a core component in the knowledge management system (KMS) and the use of this new concept in academic teaching. The KMS provides a scenario management component in which teachers may describe those parts of given documents that are relevant in order to achieve a certain learning goal. The task of the KMS is to assemble new documents from a database of elementary units called slices (definitions, theorems, and so on) in a scenario-based way (such as, I want to prepare for an exam and need to learn about resolution). The computation of such assemblies is carried out by a model-generating theorem prover for first-order logic with a default negation principle. Its input consists of metadata that describes the dependencies between different slices and logic-programming style rules that describe the scenario-specific composition of slices. Additionally, users may assess what units they know or dont know. This information is stored in a user model, which is taken into account to compute a model that specifies the assembly of a personalized document. This paper introduces the e-learning context we are faced with, motivates our choice of logic, and sketches the newly developed calculus used in the KMS. Furthermore, the application and evaluation of Living Book are presented. P. Baumgartner: This work has been carried out within the research programme New Media in Education funded by the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), Germany.     

Production and performance of the inFOCmicroS 20-40-keV graded multilayer mirror

The International Focusing Optics Collaboration for microCrab Sensitivity (InFOCmicroS) balloonborne hard x-ray telescope incorporates graded Pt/C multilayers replicated onto segmented Al foils to obtain the significant effective area at energies previously inaccessible to x-ray optics. Reflectivity measurements of individual foils demonstrate our capability to produce a mass quantity of multilayered foils with a rms roughness of 0.5 nm. The effective area of the completed mirror is 78 and 22 cm2 at 20 and 40 keV, respectively. The measured half-power diameter is 2.0 +/- 0.6 are min (90% confidence). The successful completion of this mirror demonstrates its applicability to future x-ray telescopes such as Constellation-X.     

A multi-purpose Schrödinger-Poisson Solver for TCAD applications

We present the Vienna Schrödinger-Poisson Solver (VSP), a multi-purpose quantum mechanical solver for investigations on nano-scaled device structures. VSP includes a quantum mechanical solver for closed as well as open boundary problems on fairly arbitrary one-dimensional cross sections within the effective mass framework. For investigations on novel gate dielectrics VSP holds models for bulk and interface trap charges, and direct and trap assisted tunneling. Hetero-structured semiconductor devices, like resonant tunneling diodes (RTD), can be treated within the closed boundary model for quick estimation of resonant energy levels. The open boundary model allows evaluation of current voltage characteristics.     

Status of research on the plastomechanical fundamentals of rolling and drawing processes

Among the processes for plastic deformation of steel, rolling of strip, plate, and sections, and drawing of wire, bars, and tubes are of great importance. A survey is given showing to what extent the plastomechanical fundamentals of these forming methods have been developed. Theory is mainly directed towards the calculation of the deformation force and the flow of material. The governing influences are of geometrical, kinematical, thermal, tribological, and material-scientific kind. Starting from the basic equations of continuum mechanics, the mathematical methods of similitude, visioplasticity, energy bounds, elementary plasticity, slip line fields, and finite elements are briefly characterized.     

Multiphase microstructure in steel bars produced by dieless drawing

In the dieless drawing technology the drawing dies are replaced by a heating device, generally by an induction coil. Bars of different cross-sections, round or even rectangular, with varying dimensions along the length can be produced. By using a cooling box in connection with the heating device this deformation process may also be employed for a thermomechanical treatment of steels. The special cooling strategy with low cooling rates at high temperatures (during ferrite formation) and higher cooling rates at lower temperatures favours the formation of multiphase microstructures (ferrite - bainite/martensite) with a low yield strength but a strong work hardening effect. The experiments were carried out on rods with a diameter of 16 mm of a plain low carbon steel (0.1%C, 0.7%Mn). The specimens were locally heated up to the maximum temperature ?_max that initiates the dieless drawing process, and subsequently cooled with different coolants. The change in yield strength and tensile strength and the corresponding change in the ratio of both could be achieved by variation of ?_max and the cooling conditions. The multiphase microstructure with desired mechanical properties was produced at a strain of about more than 0.45 within the region of ?_max ≈ 900–1000°C and a finale cooling rate of about 20 K/s.     

Theoretical and experimental investigations into dieless drawing

Some experimental and theoretical results are presented for the dieless drawing method. Because of the absence of a rigid die considerable flexibility is reached by this method. For example it is possible to achieve very high strains in one pass. Unlike in conventional drawing it is possible to produce parts with variable cross‐sections along the length by varying the drawing velocity appropriately. This is demonstrated theoretically and experimentally. To model this process a simple one‐dimensional disk model is suggested. The resultant temperature distribution is compared with previous calculations.     

Beckmann's Studio Computers Specified for Early Computer Art

When the pioneers of computer art started to produce their works by programming mainframes, using plotters for output, the Austrian sculptor Otto Beckmann took a different path. He used a special computer constructed by his son Oskar Beckmann. This article describes the technical context of early computer art, Beckmann's interdisciplinary team ars intermedia, and the development of nonconventional studio computers.