Accelerator Analysis of Tributyltin Adsorbed onto the Surface of a Tributyltin Resistant Marine Pseudoalteromonas sp. Cell

Tributyltin (TBT) released into seawater from ship hulls is a stable marine pollutant and obviously remains in marine environments. We isolated a TBT resistant marine Pseudoalteromonas sp. TBT1 from sediment of a ship’s ballast water. The isolate (10^{9.3 ± 0.2} colony-forming units mL⁻¹) adsorbed TBT in proportion to the concentrations of TBTCl externally added up to 3 mM, where the number of TBT adsorbed by a single cell was estimated to be 10^8.2. The value was reduced to about one-fifth when the lysozyme-treated cells were used. The surface of ethanol treated cells became rough, but the capacity of TBT adsorption was the same as that for native cells. These results indicate that the function of the cell surface, rather than that structure, plays an important role to the adsorption of TBT. The adsorption state of TBT seems to be multi-layer when the number of more than 10^6.8 TBT molecules is adsorbed by a single cell.     

Diamond nanoseeding on silicon: Stability under H2 MPCVD exposures and early stages of growth

Detonation nanodiamond dispersed on silicon surfaces underwent different H₂ MPCVD exposures. The induced changes at the surface have been characterized in situ by XPS and XEELS. Then, a short CH₄/H₂ growth step was applied. This sequential study revealed an excellent stability of detonation nanodiamond. The sp³ etching rate is insufficient to remove nanodiamond even under intense H₂ plasma. The H₂ exposure could be successfully used to remove C–C sp² carbon without altering sp³ seeds. Moreover, the formation of silicon carbide observed after the hydrogen treatment is thought to be helpful to enhance the adhesion of nanodiamond particles on the substrate.     

Self-stabilizing somersaults

We investigate the open-loop stability of a planar biped robot performing a periodic motion of forward somersaults with alternating single-leg contacts. The robot has a trunk and two actuated telescopic legs with point feet which are coupled to the trunk by actuated hinges. There is compliance and damping in the hip and in the legs. The concept of open-loop control implies that all actuators of the system receive predetermined inputs that are never altered by any feedback interference. Only with the right choice of model parameters and actuator inputs is it possible to create such self-stabilizing motions exploiting the natural stability properties of the system. These unknowns have been determined using special-purpose stability-optimization methods. The resulting motion is not only stable, but also a more efficient form of forward motion than running for the investigated robot.     

Self-excitation and synchronization in a multibeam microwave generator with electron-oscillator flows

Self-excitation and radiation of a multibeam spatially distributed microwave generator with centrifugal electrostatic focusing are considered. The transition to equivalent self-oscillators with slowly varying amplitudes and phases is substantiated. Examples of the directivity patterns and level lines of the field radiated in the master-slave and mutual synchronization modes and observed in a given section are presented.     

Steady microwave heating of a ceramic plate

A model is developed of interaction between microwave radiation and a flat ceramic plate made of alumina. A calculation is performed of the thermal and electromagnetic characteristics of the plate in the air depending on the power and frequency of electromagnetic field.     

On Optimal Signal–Filter Pairs

We extend the notion of an optimal signal–filter pair to the case where n-convolution is used instead of cyclic convolution. We construct n-optimal n-adic signals for all n = 2, 3, . . ..     

Virtualized Reality: Perspectives on 4D Digitization of Dynamic Events

Digitally recording dynamic events, such as sporting events, for experiencing in a spatio-temporally distant and arbitrary setting requires 4D capture: three dimensions for their geometry and appearance over the fourth dimension of time. Today's computer vision techniques make 4D capture possible. The virtualized reality system serves as an example on the general problem of digitizing dynamic events. In this article, we present the virtualized reality system's details from a historical perspective     

Multifrequency gyrotron with high-efficiency synthesized waveguide converter

The results of numerical simulation and experimental investigation of a prototype of a megawatt multifrequency gyrotron for controlled thermonuclear fusion facilities are presented. In experiments, the gyrotron has operated at six frequencies in the range 105–152 GHz with small diffraction losses in the internal quasi-optical system and a high Gaussian mode content in the output beam.