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171.
The effect of external calcium concentration ([Ca2+]o) on membrane potential-dependent calcium signals in isolated tiger salamander rod and cone photoreceptor inner segments was investigated with patch-clamp and calcium imaging techniques. Mild depolarizations led to increases in intracellular Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i) that were smaller when [Ca2+]o was elevated to 10 mM than when it was 3 mM, even though maximum Ca2+ conductance increased 30% with the increase in [Ca2+]o. When external calcium was lowered to 1 mM [Ca2+]o, maximum Ca2+ conductance was reduced, as expected, but the mild depolarization-induced increase in [Ca2+]i was larger than in 3 mM [Ca2+]o. In contrast, when photoreceptors were strongly depolarized, the increase in [Ca2+]i was less when [Ca2+]o was reduced. An explanation for these observations comes from an assessment of Ca2+ channel gating in voltage-clamped photoreceptors under changing conditions of [Ca2+]o. Although Ca2+ conductance increased with increasing [Ca2+]o, surface charge effects dictated large shifts in the voltage dependence of Ca2+ channel gating. Relative to the control condition (3 mM [Ca2+]o), 10 mM [Ca2+]o shifted Ca2+ channel activation 8 mV positive, reducing channel open probability over a broad range of potentials. Reducing [Ca2+]o to 1 mM reduced Ca2+ conductance but shifted Ca2+ channel activation negative by 6 mV. Thus the intracellular calcium signals reflect a balance between competing changes in gating and permeation of Ca2+ channels mediated by [Ca2+]o. In mildly depolarized cells, the [Ca2+]o-induced changes in Ca2+ channel activation proved stronger than the [Ca2+]o-induced changes in conductance. In response to the larger depolarizations caused by 80 mM [K+]o, the opposite is true, with conductance changes dominating the effects on channel activation. 相似文献
172.
PA Wallace DE Minnikin K McCrudden A Pizzarello 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,71(2):145-162
Tuberculostearic acid, (R)-10-methyloctadecanoic acid, is a characteristic component of pathogenic mycobacteria and related organisms. Sensitive detection of this acid in infected material allows rapid detection of mycobacterial disease. A novel, convergent synthesis of tuberculostearic acid and key chiral intermediates is described in this communication, to provide a reference compound. Racemic and (R)- and (S)-1-iodo-2-methyldecanes were synthesised from 1-octanal and 1-carboethoxyethylidenetriphenylphosphorane as initial starting materials. 1-Hydroxyoct-7-yne was made from 1,6-hexanediol by two alternative methods and coupled with the above racemic iodide. Hydrogenation and oxidation of the resulting (R,S)-10-methyloctadec-7-yn-1-ol gave racemic tuberculostearic acid. 相似文献
173.
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175.
M Agelli P Dello Sbarba ED Halay RA Faris DE Hixson LM Reid 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1997,29(3):205-217
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We operated on three patients with leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava. METHODS: Complete excision was possible in all three patients. RESULTS: One patient developed widespread metastasis at 23 months, one patient is alive with no evidence of disease at 70 months, and one patient is alive at 15 months. The third patient had subcutaneous and pulmonary metastases at the time of presentation, which are radiologically nondetectable at present following postoperative chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: The clinicopathologic features, prognostic factors, and treatment of 130 cases found in a comprehensive literature search and our three cases are reported. 相似文献
176.
V. V. Artamanov M. Ya. Valakh N. I. Klyui V. P. Mel’nik A. B. Romanyuk B. N. Romanyuk V. A. Yukhimchuk 《Semiconductors》1998,32(12):1261-1265
The properties of silicon structures with silicon carbide (SiC) buried layers produced by high-dose carbon implantation followed
by a high-temperature anneal are investigated by Raman and infrared spectroscopy. The influence of the coimplantation of oxygen
on the features of SiC buried layer formation is also studied. It is shown that in identical implantation and post-implantation
annealing regimes a SiC buried layer forms more efficiently in CZ Si wafers or in Si (CZ or FZ) subjected to the coimplantation
of oxygen. Thus, oxygen promotes SiC layer formation as a result of the formation of SiOx precipitates and accommodation of the volume change in the region where the SiC phase forms. Carbon segregation and the formation
of an amorphous carbon film on the SiC grain boundaries are also discovered.
Fiz. Tekh. Poluprovodn. 32, 1414–1419 (December 1998) 相似文献
177.
I. Yu. Grebennikov V. I. Gun’ko A. Ya. Dmitrishin L. I. Onishchenko S. O. Toporov T. A. Feshchuk 《Russian Electrical Engineering》2007,78(1):23-25
Methods for cleaning commercial T-1500 dielectric oil with different adsorbents are studied. The oil is intended for impregnation of high-voltage pulse capacitors with film dielectric. 相似文献
178.
V. V. Skorokhod M. B. Shtern A. V. Kuz’mov A. V. Ragulya 《Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics》2006,45(5-6):221-225
A study has been made on the effects of loading scheme and conditions restricting macroscopic strain on the work-hardening
kinetics and strain accumulation in the solid state in sintering materials with bimodal pore size distributions. Active loading
intensifies the reduction in the small pores. The greatest effect comes from combining sintering with hydrostatic compression.
At the same time, kinematic constraints (partial or complete adhesion in surfaces) substantially retards the shrinkage of
large pores, which means that the porous structure can be controlled.
__________
Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Nos. 5–6(449), pp. 10–15, May–June, 2006. 相似文献
179.
180.