馈线自动化终端注入测试法及其应用

当前国内许多城市都开展了配电自动化试点工作,馈线自动化作为提高供电可靠性的重要手段日益受到供电公司的重视。文中提出一种终端注入测试法,通过在配电终端二次端子上注入故障特性数据,用于现场测试配电自动化系统的馈线自动化功能的有效性。文章系统地阐述了测试方法的基本原理、测试系统的组成与功能,并以天津生态城馈线自动化现场测试为背景,详细介绍了馈线自动化终端注入测试法的测试步骤,列出了现场影响馈线自动化正常处理故障的主要问题及其解决方案。     

300 MW汽轮机高背压循环水供热技术研究及应用

介绍300 MW汽轮机高背压循环水供热的关键技术。通过对汽轮机本体、凝汽器、给水泵汽轮机、凝结水精处理设备及热力系统改造,解决了300 MW汽轮机高背压循环水直接供热改造的关键技术难题,实现了300 MW汽轮机低压缸"双背压双转子"互换。改造后的热力性能试验结果表明,汽轮机组热耗率降至3 706.6 k J/k Wh,发电煤耗降至139 g/k Wh。     

电动机滚动轴承的配置

根据电动机的实例来说明如何正确的选择使用滚动轴承并加以配置,并分析其优缺点。证明了电动机轴承配置的正确会延长电机轴承的使用寿命,进而提高电动机的使用寿命。     

Thermodynamic mechanism of free heme action on sickle cell hemoglobin polymerization

For insights into the mechanisms of heme action on the rate of sickle cell hemoglobin polymerization, we determine the erythrocytic concentration of free heme using a novel method based on enzymatic catalysis and luminescence. We find in sickle cell patients 44 ± 10 µM, in sickle trait individuals, 33 ± 4 µM, and in healthy adults, 21 ± 2 µM. We test the applicability of two mechanisms of heme action: a kinetic one, whereby heme aggregates serve as heterogeneous nucleation centers, and a thermodynamic pathway, in which free heme enhances the attraction between sickle hemoglobin (HbS) molecules in solution. We show that the latter mechanism exclusively operates. The enhanced attraction leads to increase of the total volume of a population of dense liquid clusters by about two orders of magnitude. As the dense liquid clusters serve as locations and precursors to the formation of the HbS polymer nuclei, their increased volume directly leads to faster polymer nucleation. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 2861–2870, 2015     

Structural and Thermo‐Mechanical Properties of Nd: Y2O3 Transparent Ceramics

Various content of neodymia Nd: Y₂O₃ (Nd: 0.5–5.0 at.%) transparent ceramics were fabricated by vacuum sintering. The prepared Nd: Y₂O₃ ceramics exhibit high transmittance (~80%) at the wavelength of 1100 nm. It is found that the increase in Nd concentration enhances the grain size growth, while decreases the phonon energy, which is benefit for improving both the luminescence quantum and up‐conversion efficiency. The thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient of the transparent 1.0 at.% Nd: Y₂O₃ ceramic is 5.51 W·(m·K)^?1 and 8.11 × 10^?6 K^?1, respectively. The hardness and the fracture toughness of the transparent ceramic is 9.18 GPa and 1.03 Mpa·m^1/2, respectively. The results indicate that the Nd: Y₂O₃ transparent ceramic is a potential candidate material for laser.     

有限元法的一种数据结构

稀疏矩阵非零元素压缩存储技术是处理大型有限元方程的必要手段,采用合适的数据结构是提高计算效率的关键。本文提出一种基于单元边索引的非零元素压缩存储方案,这种方案利用了单元边与总体矩阵中非零元素之间的一一对应关系,概念清晰。由于每个元素在压缩向量中的位置在网格划分阶段就确定了,因此在单元分析过程中就可以直接完成总体系数阵的压缩存储和边界条件处理,无需繁冗的寻址计算,矩阵的求解运算也非常便捷,最大限度地减少了有限元分析的内存需求,提高了计算效率。文中对相应的数据结构和算法描述做了详细的讨论,并通过一个涡流检测问题的有限元算例验证了本文方法的有效性。该方案可以方便地推广用于三维有限元问题和高阶单元。     

一种方底座短柱超声波电机的设计

柱体超声波电机不仅具有低速大转矩、断电自持、响应快、无电磁干扰等良好特性,而且由于采用兰杰文振子,结构较为简单。为了提高其实用性,在设计过程中,支撑方式简单,易于生产,长度小成为重要的设计目标。提出了一种自由-固支振动模式的定子结构,长度直径比小,支撑部位位于定子方形底座的四角。分析了电机运行机理,并采用有限元法计算了周向不对称性对定子上端表面各节点轴向位移的影响。利用Labview对样机进行扫频,最后,利用PSV—400—M2型激光测振仪测量了定子振型及定子上端面质点的轴向振动幅值,其振型接近自由-固支振动模式,最大轴向振幅为1.96?m,仿真和测量数据表明方底座电机的设计是可行的。     

荧光免疫层析试条光电信号处理及特征量选取

荧光免疫层析定量检测技术是一种正在兴起的即时检验技术。在前期荧光免疫层析定量检测仪的研究基础上,采用小波算法对A/D采样后的荧光信号进行去噪处理,选用中值滤波剔除基线漂移,最后比较了采用测试线峰值和面积作为特征量的定量检测效果。数据显示,去噪后信噪比提高10 d B,相对均方差减小30.4%;采用峰值和面积值作为定量特征量的测量CV值分别为5.1%和0.4%,测量误差分别为9.1%和0.9%。结果表明采用积分面积作为特征量对荧光信号进行定量检测具有更好的准确度和重复性。     

The flame‐retardant properties and mechanisms of poly(ethylene terephthalate)/hexakis (para‐allyloxyphenoxy) cyclotriphosphazene systems

Para‐allyl ether phenol derivative of cyclophosphazene (PACP) was prepared and used as a filler to modify the flame‐retardant properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) by melting‐blending. The mechanism of flame‐retardant was discussed and the influences of flame‐retardant contents to the mechanical properties were studied. The results revealed that the incorporation of only 5 phpp PACP (0.37 wt % phosphorus containing) into PET matrix can distinctly increase the flame retardancy of PET/PACP composition, and it has a little effect on the mechanical properties of PET. The high flame‐retardant performance of PET/PACP composite was attributed to the combination of condensed‐phase flame retardant and gas‐phase flame retardant. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42711.     

Preparation and characterization of methoxy‐poly(ethylene glycol) side chain grafted onto chitosan as a wound dressing film

Chitosan has received extensive attention as a biomedical material; however, the poor solubility of chitosan is the major limiting factor in its utilization. In this study, chitosan‐based biomaterials with improved aqueous solubility were synthesized. Two molecular weights (750 Da and 2000 Da) of methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) were grafted onto chitosan (mPEG‐g‐chitosan) to form a ～100‐μm‐thick plastic film as a wound dressing. The chemical structures of the mPEG‐g‐chitosan copolymers were confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the thermal properties were characterized using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). Their microstructures were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The other properties were analyzed via the swelling ratio, tensile strength, elongation, and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). Biocompatibility evaluations through biodegradability, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial effect studies were also performed. The obtained mPEG‐g‐chitosan copolymers were soluble in slightly acidic aqueous solutions (pH～6.5) at a concentration of 10 wt %. The optimal mPEG‐g‐chitosan hydrogels had swelling ratios greater than 100% and WVTRs greater than 2000 g/m²/day. Their performance against Staphylococcus aureus will be subjected to further improvements with respect to medical applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42340.